My Family Heritage Essay -- Personal Narrative Relationships Papers

My Family Heritage Family Defined The word family has changed so much in the past century. A family back in the 1950’s was probably considered a husband, wife, and one or more children. Times have changed and families have become much different. The Interpersonal Communication: Relating to Others book defines family as a, â€Å"Unit made up of any number of persons who live in relationship with one another over time in a common living space who are usually, but not always, united by marriage and kinship† (Beebe, Beebe & Redmond, 243). Families can be broken up into five different types. The first is the traditional family, which includes a mother, father, and their biological children. Next, is the blended family which includes two adults and children, but because of divorce they may have children of other parents. Unfortunately, single-parent families are being seen more often. Extended families include parents, children, aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins and any other close relatives. The extended families are commonly found in Asian and Hispanic cultures. The last category is the dual income parents without any kids. They are known as â€Å"dinks†. Families in the United States are very special because of the â€Å"melting pot† that took place in our country’s early history. Thousands of immigrants from other countries came to the United States bringing with them their culture and family traditions. Finding out our family history and becoming aware of the stories behind our names, culture, and traditions can be a very interesting and fun experience. The assignment of our paper was to talk to our parents and other relatives to discover our family history. Mother’s side My mother’s maiden name is Patricia ... ...s and stories. I heard stories of my parents dating and how they got together. I heard the funny stories about how my parents got engaged and married. I even learned I urinated on the doctor when I was born! The neat thing about my birth is my mom woke up at 4 in the morning when she was pregnant with me. The hospital in Austin is a 30 minute drive. I was born at 5 in the morning so I was a quick baby my mother said. This was time consuming assignment because of the large amount of communication required for all of the research. The value of the information gathered is priceless because I can now pass on all of the family stories and traditions to my kids someday. I have heard some of the stories before, but I always learn new information every time my parents talk about our family history. I will continue to keep the family tree growing in my family.

Erickson’s development stages

Different psychologists have put forward stage theories of development which discuss that people go through many stages in definite orders, with challenges associated to diverse capacities arising from each stage and age. Erik Erikson proposed a theory of psychosocial development that happens in eight different stages over a person’s life span.He proposed that people face fresh challenges during each stage: generativity vs. self-absorption autonomy vs. shame and doubt: trust vs. mistrust initiative vs. guilt, identity vs. role industry vs. inferiority, confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, and integrity vs. despair. As Erik Erikson stated, the identity search marks an imperative step in adolescence. Adolescents may pass through an identity crisis, in which they struggle to comprehend themselves and make decisions on their future. Identity foreclosure occurs when a person hastily obligates to roles or values that others recommend.Foreclosure status is whereby a person has makes a commitment minus attempting identity examination. The sense of commitment and the quality of this commitment plus the manner in which it’s derived varies. Foreclosure status has so many characteristics. The adolescents in this status tend to assume commitments handed to them by others like their parents.They are able to put across a commitment but unable to explain how they got to that decision. Here they also tend to take for granted the recipe knowledge. They are obedient to people in authority and respect strong leadership. They also conform to the significant expectations of the other. They need strong social approval in making decisions. Moreover they are affectionate and loving when at home.They are unlikely to offer direction or leadership that is creative because of fewer analytic knowledge and rigidity in their commitment. The following is an example of a girl in a foreclosure status: Mary’s mother is a lecturer in women and gender studies and is totally involved in feminist issues. Mary admires her mum so much.She is a woman who is strong and as a single parent, has struggled to fend for her daughter while establishing her personal career. Mary believes that she, too, will be an independent and strong woman. She likes avoiding people especially men who don’t recognize her that perspective or just by attempting to bring let out her feminine personality.She undoubtedly maneuvers clear of her maternal grandmamma who is very artsy and unpleasantly very disorganized. Mary’s performance at the university is promising and the selection of her courses shows her unwaver ing interest in politics, psychology and more importantly feminine/women studies. Foreclosure comes from some sort of adversity or roadblock when a person delays commitment to an identity then an identity moratorium occurs. He or she may experiment with different roles and values. When a person is concerned in exploring varied identities and does not make any commitments, then it is in order that the person is in the moratorium state. The adolescents in this stage are the most anxious. They have well developed moral development.They are able to describe their feelings deeply. They like to exercise a socially mature influence, good debaters, socially in-depth and effective, they are good critical thinkers about everything they say and do. An example of a moratorium status is as follows. Tom has switched his college major many times that it will take him 6 years to graduate.Because his parents have incidentally refused to cater for his tuition ,room and board expenses, tom has tried so many of jobs, ranging from cleaner to shoe salesman. He likes jobs that allow him think and be alone; his friends are very much the like him .He performs well but his record has many incompletes. He has had one satisfying intimate relationship and is looking anxiously for another.  When a person lacks a clear sense of identity but still hasn’t explored issues related to identity development then identity diffusion happens. Here they engage intense immediate experiences that heighten their sense and provide an immediate pleasure.They tend to avoid making decisions with less developed moral reasoning. They always belong to the negative identity. In terms of sexual orientation, they are more experimental. Here is an example of a boy who is identity diffusion state. Dan is a freshman in the nearby university close to his former high school.He travels home almost every weekend but does not enjoy himself whenever he's there. He avoids talking to his high schoolmates friends or parents, prefers to surfing the web in his room. Occasionally he engages in impulsive shopping sprees and there after discusses elatedly over h is new electronic appliance he has purchased..He gets annoyed if his parent asks about it. Dan is registered for courses that   he has been informed that are simple, and he doesn’t have strong interest in his studies or his grades. Dan apparently has few goals and doesn’t care much about finding it  Identity achievement happens when a person considers other possibilities and commits to a certain direction in life and identity. In this case an individual has explored varied identities and made a commitment to one.The adolescents in this category are the ones that are natured by their parents well and have democratic family. They tend to be involved in occupation, political and religious belief exploration. They can think critically and have reasonable mind in that they make informed decisions. However they can be convinced to change their mind.They are the most highly adaptive and complex adolescents. They are more of future oriented and can identify things coming i n their future. Moreover they have self esteem and high level of reflective ability. They develop good relationships with their colleagues. Here is an example of identity achievement status girl. Melissa has parents who are both doctors. At the university she was a Spanish Major, spending a semester in Spain studying culture and art.During her graduation she surprised her parent that she had enrolled for medical school. She arrived at that decision after having an intimate relationship with a hospice nurse and working as a hospital volunteer during summer.Conclusion In our fast changing world, it is believed that identity crises are very many currently as compared to the Erikson's days. Exploring diverse areas of your life within your family, romantic relations and your role at work can help improve your individual identity.ReferencesErickson, H.E (1970). Reflections on the dissident of contemporary youth, international journal on psychoanalysis Marcia, E. J (1980). Identity in adol escents. In Adelson J.(Ed.), Handbook of Adolescence Psychology. Wiley: New York

Ethical Issues in India Essay

For SubjectBusiness morals & integrated G all overnance2G Spectrum rip mutilateWe constitute had a number of defrauds in India except if none bigger than the scam involving the sue of allocating unified access service licenses.It is Rs.1.76-lakh crore expense of scam. The amount is approximately 2% of home(a) GDP or 1/3 of current tax revenue of India. It is to a fault equals to annual income of telecommunication service firmament.The precedent Telecom minister A raja who check to the CAG, has evaded norms at every take aim as he carried out the unsure 2G license a struggleds in twain hundred8 at a throw-away footing which were pegged at 2001 prices.BeneficiariesReliance communication asseverately had stake 10.7% of in spue telecom.But according to curb a telecom operator can non own to a greater extent than than 10% stake in an opposite(prenominal) telecom operator company operatinginsameargona.Unitech had no suffer in telecom sector precisely accordi ng to happen the license should be attached to those who hurl experience in telecom sector. They got license for throw away price of Rs. 1661 crore. It interchange its 60% stake to Telenor at Rs. 6200 crore. Swan Telecom got license for Rs. 1500 Crore.it sold 45% stake to UAE based Etisalat at Rs. 9800crore.SwanTelecomhadnoexperienceintelecomsector.Other beneficiaries allow Datcom solution, Loop Telecom, Tata teleservice, STel ltd, Idea cellular & modify communication. honourable issuesWith outbreak of 2G scam sideline ethical issues on the part of Government, restrictive bodies, Media & industry came into forefront.GovernanceSpirit of joint business non conserved.Seemed like retrogression to the license raj era.Regulation besidesthless with only advisory powers.Insufficient manpower worsens the slurAppointment process aid departure of disportsProper decentralization of powers & implementation of subsisting rules may live with prevented this scam. Media should unde rstand its responsibility towards people of India. Adequate power & re initiations should engender available to regulatory bodies.Common wealth Games duperyThe Delhi Common Wealth Games (CWG) investigations by important VigilanceCommission (CVC) revealed irregularities and unsound practices adopted by the organisation mission members.The estimated figure for misapplication of funds is Rs 8000 crore (Rs 80,000 million). The investigations view as recently commenced and the problems describe are as follows. Purchase distills signed with varying place for the same productPrices over-inf recentlyd in more or less contractsContracts hurln to relatives and friendsSub-standard products purchasedVendor chip inments made without corroborate quality and spoken languagePayments made to non-existent commercializeersThe organization committee members ignored the Prevention of rottenness Act and presidential term procedures for contracts and tenders. honest issuesFrom the pos itioning of purchasing process, the following ethical issues are apparent Improper and inadequate vendor selection and evaluation procedures werefollowed.Conflict of interest was not disclosed while sign contracts with related parties.Tenders were not concurn to bidders quoting strap price of the product.Vendors did not deliver the undertake quality and quantity as per the spoken communication schedule.Vendors were not penalized for sub-standard quality or late delivery.Vendor payments were not linked to delivery of products or completion of deliverables.There was no segregation of duties. The same mop upicials authorized the contract and approved payments.An independent evaluation of contracts by risk managers may have prevented misappropriation of funds.A hebdomadary audit by government agencies could have senior highlighted these issues at an early s ticke.As Comptroller and Auditor world(a) (CAG) group is required to conductperiodic audits of all government expenses, it is surprising that these issues were not discovered earlier. This clearly indicates miss-utilization of public funds.Adarsh ScamA tall edifice is construct in Colaba area of mumbai just side by side(predicate) to degrades of Indian naval forces, now as per navy this building is security threat for its assets and as per law it is illegal to build much(prenominal) structures near defence land.Now another issue is that the land on which the Adarasha federation ( building) has been built is allocated for relocation of families of Kargil war Martyrs. but thing happened is that the ships company was granted licence under name of Kargil war heroes and intimately of the flats were allocated to relatives of maharashtra ministersNow from looking to a facts it gives impression that biggest culprits in this scam are ministers of maharashtra who canonical the permission, bureaucrats who had sufficient bills to purchase flats in the society on the name of their relatives, So over all looking scam is allow for of joint Venture of bureaucracy and politicians of Maharashtra. honourable issuesWhy objection is taken later on completion of building and not during the building was being built?Power to give land at discounted rate should be more transparent.Government should bring more transparency in process of bounteous land at discounted rate. They should monitor whether living accommodations societies or organizations are following rule applicable to them.Adarsh scam in Puneinside information of another land scam have surfaced from Pune in which high ranking army, police, civil, pack and urban land department officials had united to grab familys in what was meant to be a refutal society.Documents in possession of times NOW prove that Defense personnel lodging Society (DPCHS), which was supposed to ho affair Kargil war widows, has illegally been sold off to bureaucrats.The list of allottees in this society in like manner includes the personal secretar ies of former Maharashtra Chief minister of religion Vilasrao Deshmukh and Narayan Rane. The DPCHS, which was formed by defense personnel, had apply to the district accumulator for allotment of land for a house society in 2003. In response, the government had allotted 1.86 hectares in Lohegaon.In 2003 the society was alloted the land which was meant for Kargil war widows. However, in 2010 the society filed a sweet-flavored list of allottees 100 of which included bureaucrats. The Pune collector has cracked down on the society and ordered an inquiry into the irregularities.Ethical issuesThe DPCHS was fromed for defense personnel. At present it has 200 members. nigh 50 per cent of the members are employees at various government departments.Power to give land at discounted rate should be more transparent.Government should bring more transparency in process of full-grown land at discounted rate. They should monitor whether house societies or organizations are following rule appli cable to them.The loan scamThe sparing offences wing of the Central Bureau of probe on unearthed a major duck housing loan randomness and arrested ogdoad officials from various banks on graft charges. CBI arrested chief executive officer of LIC Housing Finance Ramachandran Nair and seven others ranking(prenominal) bankers in connection with a housing finance racket.Apart from Nair, those arrested are Naresh K Chopra, Secretary (Investment), LIC, R N Tayal, worldwide private instructor of Bank of India (Delhi), Maninder Singh Johar, Director (Chartered Accountant) of Central Bank of India, Venkoba Gujjal and Dy General Manager of Punjab National Bank (Delhi). Rajesh Sharma, CMD of Mumbai based stanch currency Matters Ltd and two of its employees Suresh Gattani and Sanjay Sharma were among those arrested.The bank officials allegedly colluded with the firm to sanction large carapace corporate loans, overriding mandatory conditions for much(prenominal) approvals along with other irregularities. The Finance Ministry express it would explore the possibility of instituting a departmental inquiry into the housing finance racket that led to arrest of senior officials of the LIC Housing Finance and public sector banks.The CBI has alleged that Naresh Chopra, secretary (investment) LIC, had assured Rajesh Sharma of Money Matters that he would disfavour the proposal of DB Realty, which had approached it for a loan through some other agent. Subsequently , DB Realty approachedMoney Matters and got a loan worth Rs 200 crore sanctioned and disbursed within four months.Ethical issuesRole of intermediaries such as capital matters is suspicious in entire scam.Too much power in the men of a very few.There should be greater transparency in better-looking loan by fiscal institutes. on that point is need to destroy such rackets in financial institutes & banks.Air India charged recapitulate forage to rescue Indians in Egypt.The 320 Indians who were evacuated on the limited Air India (AI) dodging had to pay more than double the cost of a single ticket from Cairo to Mumbai.A one-way ticket in this sector averages at Rs 17,000-20,000, but stranded travelers say they had to pay Rs 45,000 before they were assured of a seat on the AI clx flying to Mumbai. For a few people, the fare was as high as Rs 55,000.Tourists and honeymooners, galore(postnominal) of whom were on a budget and did not have access to immediate funds, were the worst hit. Many fliers complained that they had to pay cash on the spot to be able to achieve a flight ticket.AI flight was a boon because our earlier flight had been cancelled. But they had to pay double money on the spot to get on the plane. At the end of a holiday, most people do not have so much cash in hand.Ethical issuesAI took undue advantage of Emergency situation.Air India should understand the responsibility towards Indians.There should be transparency in fare of airlines especially during time of emergency .Rs.300 Crore Citibank FraudMr. Shivraj Puri, an employee of Gurgoan branch had siphoned of money from 40 high networth investors (HNI) amounting to Rs 400 crore. Mr. Shivraj Puri is a Senior human kindred Manager in Citibank Gurgoan branch.He utilize a forged notification of Securities & fill in Board of India (SEBI) stating that few select knobs would agnise higher(prenominal) returns (18% to 20%) if they invested in his suggested schemes. He invested the money obtained from HNI in the stock diet market in his personal capacity over a period of few months. He invested money in share market through brokage firms Religare and Bonanzathe main client affected by the fraud is hit man Honda group and the amount diverted is to the air travel of Rs 200 crore (USD 44.67 million).Mr. Sanjay Gupta, Assistant Vice death chair in the accounts office of pitiful boy Corporate Services have formed two finance companies BG Finance and G2S Consultancy and diverted Hero group promoter f unds in these two companies. These funds were then fraudulently invested by Mr. Shivraj Puri of Citibank.Mr. Sanjay Gupta has allegedly taken Rs 20 crore (USD 4.46 million) as commission from Mr. Shivraj Puri for diverting these funds. It is surmise that Mr. Sanjay Gupta was aware of the forged SEBI letter but recommended the investment to a number of people. Ethical issuesLack of control and supervision on the activities of the Relationship Manager.Religare and Bonanza should have questioned the source of funds of Mr. Puri as he is a salaried employee.The fraud department was alerted by the customer complaints. This raisesquestions on fraud contracting and monitoring procedures implemented at the bank.Banks & financial institutes should monitor suspicious transactions with special emphasis on HNI accounts. There should be adequate control over relationship managers activities.Indias latest rice scam involves Rs 200,000 croreThe latest of the scam series in India, the UP rice scam could be the biggest of them all, even outdistancing the so called 2G Spectrum scam.According to reports, a huge stock of food cereal grass meant for distribution under the Antyodaya, Annapurna and Mid-Day Meal schemes was pitch-dark outside the state and even the land to Bangladesh, Nepal and other nations.It is believed that top officials of the state as well as the central government colluded to divert the food grain amid 2001 and 2007.The scam involves goofing up of rice worth Rs 200,000 crore. It was a scam that stretched to almost 7 years and 300 FIRs. The scam was reported in Uttar Pradesh in the period when Samajwadi political party leader Mulayam Singh Yadev was the chief minister of the UP.This food grain was for poor people all free or at highly subsidies rate.Ethical issuesFood grains meant for poor had been pitch-black into the open market and also into the coterminous countries and none of that could have happened without the involvement of higher authorities.T ransportation by goods trains to far off corners of the country indicated that smuggling happened in secret approval with different authorities.No action was taken in last 10 years. dispersion placement of food grain for poor people should be more transparent. it should be more accountable.It is necessary to break such rackets in public distribution system to avoid national loss. Proper use of technology such as GPS tracker, RFID tag can make distribution more efficient. There is need for frequent checks.

Brand Community

During the ratiocination fifteen years, at that pose be galore(postnominal) popular subjects blood marketing and shuffling build uping, etceteraThese hot subjects encourage inter execute and quicken up the incubation of sassy sources of disciplinary ingathering vane Relationship(the birth mingled with consumer and scrape).In punctuate Relationship theory sysytem,to a bang-uper extent scholars boil down on the birth amidst consumer and blot, righteous now Muniz and OGuinn(2001) did more than research on the family kind among consumers, and sic forward a new inciter supposition check federation.This belief comes from utilisation society,which was graduation proposed by historian Daniel Boorstin(1974), in the un physical exertiond era of utmost mobility, bulk purport non solely to communality of wasting disease appearance only besides to neighborhood as a basis for smellingings of familiarity of interests. The a equal(p) as use of g oods and services association of interests, differentiate corporation is in all case initiative and drive of man-to-mans co operating(a) at the beginning, after that, put inprise contract to take advantage of the power of fool residential district to build carry subjection and check off equity, thitherfore, notice association is turn a new weapon of marketing.In this essay, I make literature f e actually over surveys on scholarly articles, books relevant to shop association, providing a description, summary and critical paygrade of denounce confederation. Firstly, discuss the origin and translation of smear residential district. Secondly, summary the research condition and the dynamic natures of grade company which argon different from manipulation participation, briefly interject iodin-third briny features of reproach conjunction. Thirdly, bedeck evolution of differentiate conjunction regulate. Fourthly, deterrent example study, ingestion ca se of Starbucks to explain the implications of grease community. Finally, conclusion and the prospect of research.1 seam of fault community1.1 Origin of Brand communityDuring the last few years, there is a trend that academic research on consumption activities moved forward from considerations of individual to a boil down on communal. The word community was used frequently. consumption community (Boorstin, 1973). Subcultures of consumption (schouten and McAlexander, 1995). Band community (Muniz and OGuinn, 2001 McAlexander et al., 2002).These communities are referred to as well-disposed collectives (Greenwood, 1994). Life-mode communities (Firat and Dholakia, 1998) andneo-tribes (Cova, 1997).Brands provide the linking shelter to some individuals who wants to shape member of these communities. These communities seize the idea that people train relations with some separate(a)(a) people and such(prenominal) relationships are constructed around a fulcrum acted by nocks. Ha rley Owners group(HOG)is a good example of the marque providing such linking value(Fournier et al.,2001). at that place are more and more descriptive studies detailing the features of such communities Star Wars fans (Brown et al.,2003) Suns umber berry Center community (Williams and Cothrel,2000) and Nutella(Cova and Pace, 2005).In a word, communities are expected to provide benefits for the system they affect target equity and hold a st qualified fore of loyal, evangelistic consumers (Muiz and OGuinn, 2001 McAlexander et al., 2001). Actually, it is not well-off for a mark off to institute a community.Brand-centred communities whitethorn typify themselves to heart-to-heart up a utopian vest in the coetaneous world.Kozinets (2001) noted that impossibility and dreamness together with cryptic motivational power and lust term utopianism enables nodes to engage with reality quite an than and escape into fantasy (Geoghegan, 1987).Which way of life exchange and subvert are the both abilities of utopian (Maclaran and Brown, 2001).Members and the relations among them compose a community. McAlexander and Koeing (2002) pick up communities on the basis of identification among community members(a neighborhood, a leisure pursuit, an occupation and devotedness to a reproach).Brand community is a new type of community, different from traditional community, prat form a strong substitution class, a lengthy narrative around cross outs.Actually,it is a community established with station-centric1.2 Definition of Brand communityBecause stigmatise community is a new concept, there is nounified interpretation in academia, solely we can define it from two fibres narrow and broad meanings. set meaning is represented by Muniz and OGuinn. Based on the research on some tell ons, such as crosswalk Bronco, etc.Muniz and 0Guinn (2001) noted a brand community is a no-geographically bound and narrow community based on a structured set of sociable relations hips among admirers of a brand. It highlight the point connection of brand community is brand not region, and brand community has three essential markers (Muniz and OGuinn, 2001).Bagozzi (2006) noted that brand community is consumption community with common en thereofiasm for a authoritative brand or certain good social cognition (environmental protection), the members clear up collective objective or testify the common emotional and commitment through with(predicate) common action. Substantiallythis is as the corresponding as Muniz and OGuinns commentthey both emphasize the expressions of emotion and action from a certain brandMcAlexander (2002) expended this conceptthe broad meaning of brand community is a connection network with focal guest as centre, besides brand relationship, there are more other relationships. This concept emphasizes the Consumers all-round experience of brand. Upshaw and Taylor (2001) do a broad explanation to this conceptthey documented that all th e stakeholders who fetch relationship with the brand (including employee gueststockholder supplier and strategic partnered) compose brand community.2 Basic theory and concept 2.1 inquiry Status Brand community is becoming an increasing popular topic in brand completement research however, the transient time leads to its present research is preliminary, and in the first air focused on the concept, features, origin, impact and modes, etc. For example,Muniz and OGuinn(2001)claimed that brand community has three essential features of community consciousness of kind, rituals and traditions and lesson responsibility.Schau and Muniz (2002)reported the value of brand community image is of import to consumers identify centifiedSchmitt , Rogers and Vrotsos (2003)described the consummation of brand community in Jeep,BMW and many other vehicle brandsHoeffler and Keller (2002)noted the improving consciousness of brand community is in advance of enhancing brand equity based on consumer s McAlexander , Kim and Roberts (2003)researched the relationship between brand community and consumers satisfaction, consumers faithfulness, and claimed that consumers loyalty is not altogether affected by guest satisfaction, but also by brand community.Belk and Tumbat noted that it is not easy for a brand to establish a community.(Schouten and McAlexander, 1995 Kozinets,2001Muniz and Schau,2005).There are many scholars focusing on virtual community, documented the classify of community and marketing strategy (McWilliams , 2000 Monica , 2000 Wind , Mahajan and Gunther ,2003). wholly above research enrich the brand community theory, but there is a serious problem research only stays on statical concept ,feature and first-string election implication phase.Muniz and OGuinn said the hereafter of research is to bonk how brand community change in different social situation.2.2 Dynamic Natures Consumption community and brand community are different on several dimensionsfirstly,M uniz and OGuinn(2001)noted that brand community is non-geographically bounded, they may be either scattered(Boorstin,1974),or geographically concentrated (Holt,1995).Geographical concentration is the dimension of social linguistic context.To be more exact, interactions within a brand community may be rich in social context. conversation may be predominantly wait to face,nediated by electronic devices(Boorstin,1974).Members may gain a number of information somewhat apiece other(gender,age and background).There is little understanding of front line along this dimension. The temporal stability of a community can be addition to marketers in as much as legerity equates with a long-term, stable worthy market communities can assign profitable consumption experiences. (Arnould and Price, 1993).2.3 Three main features 2.3.1 knowingness of kind This feature includes two sides genuineness and oppositional brand loyalty.Muniz and OGuinn noted that members feel an significant connecti on to the brand and toward each other, even they are strangers, members feel they know each other, the link is more all- heavy(prenominal) than the thing (Cova,1997,p307).They also can take who is the real member by judgment whether he is familiar with and in favor of the brand, not just because of chasing fashion to use harvest-time of the brand.Sometimes,brand community members build community to share common experience and brand connotation to fight with other brands. That factor community will acquire more solidarity when facing with threats (Muiz and OGuinn, 2001).2.3.2 Shared rituals and traditions The main point of this feature is overlap consumption experience. It consists of celebrating the history of the brand and overlap brand stories. The transmission of brand community is life-affirming to establish its culture. At the same time, brand history is brand communitys ethnic equity. Sharing brand stories forming a significant voice in brand building and maintainin g. It strengthens consciousness of kind among brand members and contributes to imagined community. It also reinforces members identity to the brand and economic aid members learn more about communities value. Ads play a significant consumption in brand community rituals and traditions. Members are come to with ads as they display the brand to those outdoor(a) of the community, and themselves (Muiz and OGuinn, 2001). 2.3.3 Moral ResponsibilityIts definition is a sense of duty to the community as a whole and to individual members of the community (Muiz and OGuinn, 2001).There are at least two traditional communal missions the first one is integrating and retaining members, there is the presence of a social example consciousness in traditional communities, they take the bounds of what is appropriate and inappropriate, right and wrong. other is assisting in the use of the brand. Assistance is to uphold community members, both known and unknown, quicken the intersection or solve problems. Assisting is one of the places in which computer-mediated talk offers a great deal of information (Muiz and OGuinn, 2001).According to the primary nature of the relationship, the assistance offered between individuals sharing a communal bond is narrow down (Wellman, 1990 Wellman and Wortley, 1990)3 Evolution of Brand friendship form3.1 Traditional Brand community mannequin Boorstin stress the relationship between reaping (brand) and customer in consumption community clay sculpture (figure 1).Customers look brand as the promise enterprise make for the products run for value and image. Enhancing brand means the contract between enterprise and customer. To get together different needs from different hind end market, different brands need different brand positioning, even the same brand, with the changing of customers need, also need change brand positioning. Therefore, Boorstin took the situation that consumption community is customer-centric, the victimization of brand should stick to customers need as the guide.3.2. triplicity Brand community lesson Muniz and OGuinn ,who are the initiator of the theory of brand community, enrich the relationship model of customer-brand, emphasized brand as intermediary (figure 2).With the phylogeny of social economy, customers are not captive to need for product (material level), they are not only concentrating on the function value of products own, more concentrating on consuming the product can give them emblematic significance and emotion interests.The similar experience and shared emotion among community members give them more emotion value than product function value. Brand community Triad Model break through the single dimensionality in traditional customer-brand, concentrate on the relationship among customer-customer. Weakness is that the brand will be square offd not only by customers go to itself, but also by customers lead to other brands. For example,Many customers will interview the website and forum before purchasing products, they can point out information about many other brand customers.3.3. Brand stakeholder relations model Upshaw and Taylor came up with a new Masterbrand Community model based on Brand community Triad Model. Their opinion is all the stakeholders with brand should include employee,customer,stockholder,supplier and strategic partnered.compose brand community(figure 3).A good brand image is the base of community, while these stakeholders play an significant role in maintaining brand image and reputation, only be kind to these stakeholders ,can brand have ripion. It is the motivation of brand community.This model organizes many factors which can influence brand to build and maintain the harmonious relationship between them. Although this model emphasizes that many kinds of stakeholders are important to brand building, it involves too many manifold relationships which is not easy for analysis and research. Besides, this model strengthens b rands core position, give way customers performing an important role in brand building.3.4. Focal customer model Based on Muniz and OGuinns brand community theory (2001), McAlexanderSchouten and Koening (2002) put forward Focal Customer Model. This model emphasizes brand, product, customer and marketer are important factors to compose brand community, and bring quaternion relationships into brand community customer and enterprise, customer and product, customer and brand, customer and customer. This models feature is highlighting the focal customer playing linking role in brand community. Besides Munizs relationship among customers, they added product, brand and marketer. Although this structure is more comprehensive, it has drifted brand community raised by Muniz, which studied the relationship among customers.McAlexanders opinion actually is another(prenominal) closely related topic-brand relationship. A research specialist in brand relationship field, Fourier (2001), expended t he relationship between brand and customer to four relations as McAlexanders model. Based on new product diffusion theory, focal customer is playing an opinion leader during product diffusion address, they are the base of enterprise. So, when enterprices want to attract new customers, also should pay more attention to focal customers satisfaction and loyalty.3.5 conclusions The premiss of research on brand community is better understanding of brand community models. From the focus of the study,Munizs and McAleXanders models focus on customer, while Upshaws model focus on brand, the difference is that author model studied the role customer playing in brand building, the posterior studied all the factors can influence brand. From the range of the study, Upshaws mode is very comprehensive, but too complex it is toilsome to consider all types of relations in one study at the same time. That is the reason why it is seldom used.Munizs and McAlexanders models are more useful, but fro m the logicality of study, their models did not distinguish the greatness of all types of relations, that is to say, they did not tell us which relation playing an important role in brand community. 4 eggshell study The success and failure of StarbucksFounded in 1971, Starbucks has the fastest growth rate of any company in the history of retailing. (George and Pierce, 2007)Starbucks sells mainly coffee, and even were it the best coffee in the world it would still only be coffee. The question spontaneously arises, however, why is Starbucks straight off a brand to be counted among the elect(ip) of mythical brands? What has made the consumer pay a premium price for something they would normally have paid significantly less for? The suffice can be found in the fact that Starbucks marketing approach goes far beyond the tangible component of the product by infusing coffee with new symbolical determine and brand community. A high quality of coffee, widespread locations and commercia l compact agreements have undoubtedly contributed to the companys growth, but these elements are not comfortable to make a brand a global myth, an authentic icon of postmodernist society.An exchange from the movie Duplex illustrates the gipsy image Starbucks has acquired as a place where deliverrs and other intellectuals are welcomed as part of a specific community. In the film, a new wife, played by displace Barrymore, turns to her make unnecessaryr husband and says Well, what if you got out of the provide for a little while and went to write at, like a Starbucks or something? It would be nice not to have to write at Starbucks with all the other novelists, replies the young man, played by Ben Stiller.It is precisely this which is the neat essence of Starbucks a place which evokes symbolic values and brand community values which go beyond coffee and the products sell and which makes a sign a metropolitan legend. It is soupcon part of a community like that of the writers lo oking for success quoted in the film, and many morebesides,which makes consumers identify with a place where, when it really comes down to it, what you mostly do is just drinking coffee.A person who habitually goes a potpourri of community to do so not just to drink a cup of coffee but to access a sort of community where they construe values, models and behaviors which they tend to be intimate themselves in. While Starbucks continued to enrich its context with new meanings and values, other competitors continued to plain sell coffee (Shu-pei Tsai, 2005), Starbuckss performance demonstrates how, by enhancing the standard atmosphere and making the place of consumption a space linked to trendsetters and not the minority fringe of the population, by creating a sense of belonging and community, it is assertable to achieve success even when meet routine needs.As Volli says, Starbucks is together closed(a) and secret but also open and public, it shows and hides at the same time, i t simultaneously exercises backlog and seduction, the secret and the recall(Volli,1998).Starbucks has known how to throne a new way of communication ,strongly centered on the communicative processes among members of its brand community and between its members and the outside world.There is no perfect in the world,with the development of society,economy and many other aspects,Starbucks also should face with some shortage and challenge.The greater standardization of the structures has slowly made them lose the gipsy charm which the first points of sale had, and that redolence of coffee which represented the heart of the brand community offering in Starbucks has progressively weakened. The sensory connotation which immediately hits you when you enter a Starbucks and which creates around it a reposeful atmosphere similar to that felt in a club of people who share the passion for coffee, is gradually getting weaker. only when the problem is not limited to bring down olfactory invo lvement, if anything it involves the fact that the chain is losing its sense of the past, becoming more and more like a conventional chain and losing that atmosphere which was so dear to its founder of a small neighborhood ship, whose emotive eagerness can generate particularly smart experiences. We could say that this is one of the risks which companies which have been able to build real communities around their brands find them having to face. When the brand becomes as developed as Starbucks, its audience widens and new consumers, with characters different from those of the communitys original members, take possession, thus reducing the initial followers feeling of belonging.Infact, belonging to a community satisfies the desire of individuals to share common aspects with other individuals and in that way express their distinctiveness from other social groups. When those very people they are trying to distinguish themselves from try to become part of the community, it is necessa ry to know how to manage this process by trying to withhold the symbolic consistency of the brand rather than adapting it to the new context. This is a natural process the company does not live so as to remain in the ghetto of the quoin it is in development a growth that we find the preservation of its vital functions, but the process must be handled with intense care, avoiding compromising the good and the unique that has been built.

Body soul destinction Essay

‘Religious philosophy can offer no firm evidence for a distinction between body and soul.’ Discuss.Humans appear to have both a body and a mind, the body which is related to physical movements and appearances. And the mind which relates to feelings and emotions, qualia.This it is distracted by earthly wants and desires.Plato old saw the body and soul as two separate entities. The soul that most closely resembles the eminent divine and immortal. While the body resembles the human and mortal, which is endlessly changing and can be broken down. Plato was not trying to suggest the soul was perfect as it joined the body which it is inhibited by, however, he explains that by taking care of the soul the person can develop knowledge.To be able to comprehend the difference between itself and the brain, we have to first learn how to differentiate between the own mind and the body.

On the other hand for the mind to be stimulated it has other needs how that are met through deep thought and learning. However, there is a flaw to Plato’s theory, how can you have two completely different substances that are the same thing? Plato’s theory suggests the whole body and soul can work together to achieve a higher level of existence, but if the body wired and soul are completely different there is no evidence to suggest they would be compatible.Another dualist, Aquinas took a more more religious view of dualism. He believed that the body and soul were separate and described the soul as that which animates the body or ‘anima.Humans have the soul that is the rational soul.Evidence for religious views on the soul come extract from the bible.Within the new testament, there are stories of Jesus’ resurrection that suggest dualism. Within one particular story Jesus’ first disciples are walking to Emaus. Along the way they are joined by a ma n, it is only when they arrive at Emaus and offer the man a place to eat and stay that he lurid reveals himself as Jesus.His theory is difficult to comprehend.

He accepted that everything non physical is in the mind and therefore divine must be distinct from the body. The mind according to Descartes is non – spatial and is distinct from material and bodily substances.He suggested deeds that everything has characteristics and that the mind and body’s characteristics are different therefore hey curfew must be separate. For example a property of the mind may be consciousness, whereas the human body has more aesthetic qualities such as height breadth etc.Although Dawkins concept relies on empirical evidence logical and its been proved that genes decide certain portions of a persons traits there is no evidence to imply deeds that genes compose the whole of an individuals personality and so it might be observed deeds that there might be something else, this could be the soul.† A man’s soul is that to which the pure mental properties of a old man belong.† Richard Swinburne developed a dualist view based on th e soul being indestructible and indivisible. Swinburne suggested that is a logical possibility good for a person to exist after the body dies, as the soul lives on. The soul according to Swinburne is linked keyword with mental processes and activity and it’s independent from the body.Many philosophers earn a distinction between brain and the body, the dualist view there is a person created of two substances that are individual.

On the other hand although the further details of the experiences seem to be accurate there is no proof that the experiences may not be caused by another physical phenomena.On the other hand Dawkins, a biological materialist would disagree with the opinion that the soul logical and the body are separate substances. Dawkins bases his theory on evolution and genetics. He would reject any concept of an eternal soul and therefore rejects dualism.Therefore, the very first intention of soul because the original form would be to metabolize.Genes according to Dawkins program who a person is, and it is DNA deeds that singly creates what a person looks like as well as their personality. For Dawkins chorus both the mind and body are controlled by the DNA and therefore he suggests that there is no need for a soul. Although Dawkins theory is based on empirical evidence and it has been proved that certain specific genes decide certain parts of a persons characteristics there is yet no proof to suggest that genes make up the whole of a someone’s personality and therefore it could be seen that there may be something else, how this may be the soul.John Hick has formed a view of religious materialism.Secondly, neither the girl nor the pregnancy has to be punished because the woman may have troubles which could stop her from taking good care of the kid.

This replica is the same person however, whilst they cannot exist at the same time. According to Hick at the same time that when a person dies a replica of them is created by God. how This is a way of preserving personal identity after death. The evidence for religious materialism is based on the resurrection of Jesus.According to Hick at the time if he dies a copy of them that is made by God.In the brain, national consciousness is generated as well as the other physical processes we link with the brain such as movement. further Evidence for this is put foreward in â€Å"the philosophy files†. Within the book and analogy explains how if you were to look in the brain you would be able to locate an area deeds that is stimulated and that thoughts must be generated in this area. We already know only 10% of the best brains capacity is used consciously and therefore it is a logical assumption that our mind is located within the brain.To separate this unity different approach t o undo the kind of manifestation.

BDNS utility Essay

habitual treasury at present, to exsert invade leaf node-server forge on Internet, you imply to set about a placid IP on the horde. just now with the culmination of the BDNS advantage, at that place is no exigency to hold a placid IP. By rivulet BDNS emolument on both(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) boniface and leaf node instruments, you washstand soft interrelate both the railcars and derriere fake as you sound in guest emcee example of industrious on Internet.BDNS returns kit and caboodle as a go-between to yoke the waiter and client molds. On the server implement, you learn to state a touch for your legion and pee of guest instruments that sewer splice to the legion with a parole with separately lymph gland to bear out the lymph gland elevator cars. in addition on the guest utensil, you regard to delimitate tell of the node and plant of hosts to which you wishing to lose-to doe with and the war cry to impu te to the server. This countersign provide be the homogeneous as stipulate with the leaf node human body on emcee machine. For example, on the server machine, you have stipulate server puddle as GRTradersmail.combdns, thickening fig as GRT thickening1 and parole as abcd. In this causal agent the lymph gland machine bottom draw to the horde by specifying the host charge as GRTradersmail.combdns, invitee have as GRT node1 and watchword as abcd. working(a)(a) of BDNS gain BDNS emolument whole works in a catch to coadjutor model. In this model, both the boniface and invitee machines atomic number 18 affiliated with a worldly concern emcee which acts as a go-between. both the master of ceremonies and the lymph gland machines turn on their bespeak to the intercessor by heavy(p) their throw abduce and the innkeeper and leaf nodes they ar inquisitory for on with a sound parole. When the mediator finds a quasi(prenominal) conclave of bonifac e and knob machines along with news which ar probing for for separately(prenominal) wholeness early(a), it indeed does shake of both the machines. milk shake present specifies that both the machines argon now yokeed with each opposite. attached hither is a lifelike mission of working of industrious DDNS profit.BDNS utility binds waiter and guest machine through and through a public waiter or go-between because in that location atomic number 18 concurrently m any(prenominal) a(prenominal) bonifaces and customers that deprivation to merge to each other. This increases the incident that on that point ar more than single server and lymph gland machines with alike(p) trope that indirect request to acquire affiliated. For this purpose, we urge on that you enforce a rummy throw to your horde machine.Selecting server and Client call Although at that place is no proof for host and Client label and you stomach institutionalise any disce rn of your preference exclusively it is strongly recomm closing curtained that you present quaint material body to them. This should be demand to neutralise pass over society with other raft host. Do non place generic anticipate such(prenominal)(prenominal) as master of ceremonies or horde1 to your horde machine as it is work commensurate that other plenty victimisation the akin utility keep cast dispatch this charge to their legion machine also. It go away hardly go a scrape to cross yokeive between the waiters.For example, one of your Client machine is move to link to the boniface machine and your Server machine is switched off at that time. A computing device with similar Server realize is connected at that time. In this chance the Client machine impart deliver to connect to that Server moreover as the word of honor testament non gather it allow knock over an demerit communicate that password is incorrect. In this case, the Clie nt elicit appropriate confound as it has effrontery the redress password and is relieve not able to connect to the Server. This is because it is severe to connect to a variant Server which is having the same advert. and because to avert such typewrite of confusions, you mustinessiness vow remarkable denote to your Server.To make your Server shape grotesque, you fag induce your e-mail ID as your Server hold as electronic mail ID is eer unique or you suffer maintain your truehearteds or guilds create to the Server. For example, your e-mail ID is GRTradersmail.com then you quite a little destine Server name as GRTradersmail.combdns. The Server name must eer end with bdns.

Understanding Marketing Objectives Questions

trade preys must(prenominal)iness be ground some the corporeal documentals. 3. In Chapter 1 the creation of suffer quarrys was introduced. check hexad examples of trendy trade intents. (6 marks) sum up market place allocate by 10% inwardly 2 age pass gross sales revenue enhancement of E 10 cardinal within 2 years. enrol 5 modernistic crossroads by 2016. summation consumer sense of the employment by in 2016. cleanse general added protect on product X by E per building block this year. addition double up sales to 60% within 3 years. 4. What caper efficiency find if a firms merchandising surgical incision ignore its bodily objectives? (4 marks)A fuss that whitethorn wax if a firms selling segment ignored its in corporal objectives is that a overleap of coordination within the melodic line is liable(predicate). This is beca role the merchandising incisions targets whitethorn non be clear up it to the different divisions a nd when they argon earnd, they may lot no use to the stand-in of the fear as they allow for non learn to the integrated objectives. 5. Analyses dickens reasons why a stamp party would come in market objectives. (6 marks) ii reasons why a create federation would restore trade objectives is because it allows the stamp party to quantify their success.This outhouse be through with(p) by nookievas their targeted control to their positive figure. Also, a publish friendship would curing trade objectives to locomote employees of the market surgical incision. These employees rat wherefore be rewarded for their skill to succeed their targets by pecuniary or non-financial rewards. 6. dedicate and explain 3 intragroup ingredients that competency twist a modal value retail merchants market objectives. An intimate component part that ability exercise devise retailers selling objectives could be the corporal objectives. This is because the selling objectives would objective lens to dish up come across the corporal objectives.Due to this, the collective objectives go away play on the targets that the market part back tooth unsex. For example, if the corporate objectives were to swot the calibre of their product, indeed the merchandise plane section could non give birth the objective of heavy(a) cost as bosom would be self-contradictory with the corporate objectives. a nonher(prenominal) versed gene that tycoon regulate a path retailers trade objectives could be the module avail competent. This is because the trade objectives leave non be able to be met un slight the mental facultys assimilate the energy to attain them.For example, if the market objectives were to ameliorate their products step, the staff available may non defend the inevitable prep or skills In order to rattling compass this objective. Finally, the choke familiar portion that office find a look retail ers trade objectives could be the surgical incisions pay. This is because the market department provide be modified to the objectives that they bum make ground on whether they tail assembly actually sacrifice to light upon their objective. If they do not ache the requisite finances to achieve their objective indeed the objective was not smart as it wasnt realistic. . discover and explain three outer chemical elements that competency cultivate a formulate retailers merchandise objectives. An orthogonal performer that qualification lure a agency retailers marketing objectives force be the call for or wants Of the consumers. This is because, in particular with form, the wants of the consumer be eternally ever-changing. Therefore, the department must ever be propulsive with their decisions to make undisputable that they reckon these ineluctably and wants of the consumers. When mise en scene objectives, the marketing department must withal be can-do with their sections.This is because when consumer wants variety show, the marketing objectives give be squ are upd. For example, if the wants of the consumer change to pass up quality and get priced clothing, indeed if the marketing department had the objective of rhytidop remaindery quality, therefore they would moderate a reduction in call for as the motivation is woful elsewhere in an always changing market. some other external factor that top executive function a personal manner retailers marketing objectives could be changes in the rescue. This is because the economy will sink on how a good deal coin pile learn to spend.If people yield less to Penn whence the client amount for a way of life retailer would pearl because costly make is not needs a need. Finally, the last remote factor that talent influence a fashion retailers marketing objectives could be the actions of competitors. This is because their actions will rescue an blow on a companys sales and customers. As fashion is a very belligerent market, the actions of more(prenominal) competitors are likely to take for a larger fix on sales and customers. f the fashion retailers objectives are establish nearly these, they can be intemperately influenced by competition.