Life and Work of Roy Lichtenstein, Pop Art Pioneer

Life and Work of Roy Lichtenstein, Pop Art Pioneer Roy Lichtensteinâ (born Roy Fox Lichtenstein; October 27, 1923 â€Â September 29, 1997) was one of the most conspicuous figures in the Pop Art development in the United States. His useâ ofâ comic book workmanship as source material to make enormous scope works in the Ben-Day dab strategy turned into a trademark of his work. All through his vocation, he investigated workmanship in a wide scope of media, from painting to mold and even film. Quick Facts: Roy Lichtenstein Occupation: ArtistBorn: October 27, 1923 in New York City, New YorkDied: September 29, 1997 in New York City, New YorkEducation: Ohio State University, M.F.A.Notable Works: Masterpiece (1962), Whaam! (1963), Drowning Girl (1963), Brushstrokes (1967)Key Accomplishments: American Academy of Arts and Letters (1979), National Medal of the Arts (1995)Spouse(s): Isabel Wilson (1949-1965), Dorothy Herzka (1968-1997)Children: David Lichtenstein, Mitchell LichtensteinFamous Quote: I like to imagine that my specialty has nothing to do with me. Early Life and Career Brought up in New York City, Roy Lichtenstein was the most seasoned offspring of an upper-white collar class Jewish family. His dad, Milton Lichtenstein, was a fruitful land merchant, and his mom Beatrice was a homemaker. Roy went to government funded school until he was 12â years old. He at that point went to a private school preliminary secondary school until he graduated in 1940.â Lichtenstein found his adoration for craftsmanship in school. He played piano and clarinet, and was aâ fan of jazz music. Heâ often drew pictures of jazz performers and their instruments. While in secondary school, Lichtenstein took on summer classes of the Art Students League of New York City, where his essential coach was the painter Reginald Marsh. In September 1940, Roy entered Ohio State University, where he examined craftsmanship and different subjects. His essential impacts were Pablo Picasso and Rembrandt, and heâ often expressed that Picassos Guernica was his preferred painting. In 1943, World War II intruded on Roy Lichtensteins training. He served for a long time in the U.S. Armed force and proceeded as an understudy at Ohio State University in 1946 with help from the G.I. bill. Hoyt L. Sherman, one of his educators, affected the youthful specialists future turn of events. Lichtenstein earned his Master of Fine Arts from Ohio State in 1949. Early Success Lichtenstein had his first performance appear in New York City in 1951,â years after he moved on from Ohio State. His work at the time changed among Cubism and Expressionism. He moved to Cleveland, Ohio, for a long time, at that point in 1957 came back to New York, where he quickly fiddled with dynamic expressionism. Lichtenstein took a position educating at Rutgers University in 1960. One of his associates, Alan Kaprow, a pioneer of execution workmanship, turned into another huge impact. In 1961, Roy Lichtenstein delivered his first pop compositions. He consolidated the comic style of printing with Ben-Day dabs to make the artistic creation Look Mickey, including the characters Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck. Apparently, he was reacting to a test by one of his children, who pointed at Mickey Mouse in a comic book and stated, I wager you cannot paint comparable to that, eh, Dad? In 1962, Lichtenstein had a performance appear at the Castelli Gallery in New York City. The entirety of his pieces were purchasedâ by compelling gatherers before the show even opened. In 1964, in the midst of his developing notoriety, Lichtenstein left his personnel position at Rutgers to focus on his artistic creation. Development as a Pop Artistâ In 1963, Roy Lichtenstein made two of the most popular works of his whole profession: Drowning Girl and Whaam!, both of whichâ were adjusted from DC comic books. Suffocating Girl, specifically, epitomizes hisâ approach to making pop workmanship pieces out of existing comic craftsmanship. He trimmed the first picture to offer another emotional expression, andâ used a shorter, and more straightforward, rendition of the content from the first comic. The gigantic increment in size gives the piece an altogether different effect from the first comicâ book board. Much like Andy Warhol, Lichtensteins work created inquiries concerning the nature and understanding of craftsmanship. While some commended the boldness of his work, Lichtenstein was vigorously reprimanded by the individuals who contended that his pieces were vacant duplicates of something that previously existed. Life magazine ran an article in 1964 named, Is He the Worst Artist in the U.S.? The general absence of enthusiastic commitment in his work was viewed as an insult to the spirit exposing approach of theoretical expressionism.â In 1965, Lichtensteinâ abandoned the utilization ofâ comic book pictures as essential source material. Some pundits are as yet pestered by the way that eminences were never paid to the craftsmen who made the first pictures utilized in Lichtensteins enormous scope works.â During the 1960s, Roy Lichtenstein additionally made animation style works with Ben-Day specks that reevaluated exemplary artistic creations by craftsmanship experts, including Cezanne, Mondrian, and Picasso. In the last piece of the decade, he made arrangement of artistic creations that delineated comic-style variants of brushstrokes. The works took the most basic type of conventional composition and transformed it into a pop craftsmanship object, and were expected to be a send-up of dynamic expressionisms accentuation on gestural artwork. Later Life In 1970, Roy Lichtenstein purchased a previous carriage house in Southampton, Long Island, New York. There, Lichtensteinâ built a studio and burned through the majority of the remainder of the decade out of the open spotlight. He remembered portrayals of his more established works for a portion of his new artistic creations. All through the 1970s and mid 1980s, he additionally took a shot at still lifes, models, and drawings.â Late in his profession, Lichtenstein receivedâ commissions for huge scope open works. These works incorporate the 26-foot Mural with Blue Brushstrokes at New Yorks Equitable Center, made in 1984, and the 53-foot Times Square Mural for the New Yorks Times Square Bus Station, made in 1994. The corporate logo for Dreamworks Records, dispatched by David Geffen and Mo Ostin, was Lichtensteins last finished commission before his passing. Lichtenstein kicked the bucket of pneumonia on September 29, 1997â after half a month of hospitalization. Heritage Roy Lichtenstein was one of the main figures in the Pop Art development. His technique for transforming customary funny cartoon boards into stupendous pieces was his method of lifting what he felt were moronic social ancient rarities. He alluded to pop workmanship as modern artistic creation, a term that uncovers the developments establishes in large scale manufacturing of regular images.â The money related estimation of Roy Lichtensteins work keeps on expanding. Theâ 1962 painting Masterpieceâ which sold for $165 million out of 2017, highlights an animation bubble whose text is viewed as a wry expectation of Lichtensteins notoriety: My, soon you will have all of New York clamoring for your work. Sources Wagstaff, Sheena. Roy Lichtenstein: A Retrospective. Yale University Press, 2012.Waldman, Diane. Roy Lichtenstein. Guggenheim Museum Publications, 1994.

Data and Assumption on New Technology Innovation Essay

Recently at the stroke of 12 PM a progression of sad occasions went to an end when Othello, Venice’s generally famous and regarded Moorish general, slaughtered himself in his wife’s bedchamber subsequent to covering the youthful belleâ€none other than Venice’s desired Desdemonaâ€with a cushion. As indicated by a few observers of the grisly self destruction, the intellectually tormented general was under the thought that Desdemona had been illegally tupping his first-in-order, Michael Cassio, a falsehood took care of to him by the amusingly incorrectly named â€Å"Honest Iago.† Iago, the reprobate liable for the homicide of his own better half just as a Venetian respectable man, has been brought by Cyprian authorities to be interrogated and conceivable torment. In any case, it is realized that he organized an arrangement to make strife between General Othello and Lieutenant Cassio encompassing Desdemona that he trusted would bring about the passing of both Cassio and the woman. Observers to the slaughter depict the scene gravely and agonizingly. â€Å"I strolled into the room and there was Othello, with his better half Desdemona killed on the bed. It was truly stunning. Her face was exceptionally pale, and however she was obviously dead, it appeared she was attempting to state something,† says Gratiano. Another observer portrays Othello’s self destruction with extraordinary misery. â€Å"He was quiet, however there was a wondrous fury in his face, similar to a beast. I had never observed him like that. He took his blade and drove it into his chest before anybody could stop him.† The main overcomer of the conflict is Lieutenant Cassio, who endured a significant physical issue in his leg from Iago’s blade. When asked whether he was ever associated with woman Desdemona, Cassio reacted, â€Å"We were cherished companions, and it torments me significantly that she is no more. In any case, we never shared more than the contacting of hands or a concise brush on the shoulder. Concerning the man who caused this, I will make sure that he pays for his savagery with his own suffering.† A memorial service will be held in three days close to the town square. Grievers are welcome, including previous admirers of Desdemona. Michael Cassio asks that all that go to bring memorabilia of the lost ones, for example, locks of hair, attire, letters, or weaved tissues.

How Bottom-Up Processing Works

How Bottom-Up Processing Works Basics Print How Bottom-Up Processing Works By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 06, 2020 More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Bottom-up processing is an explanation for perception that involves starting with an incoming stimulus and working upwards until a representation of the object is formed in our minds. This process suggests that our perceptual experience is based entirely on the sensory stimuli that we piece together using only data that is available from our senses. In order to make sense of the world, we must take in energy from the environment and convert it to neural signals, a process known as sensation. It is in the next step of the process, known as perception, that our brains interpret these sensory signals. Verywell / Emily Roberts   Definition How exactly do people process perceptual information from the world around them? There are two basic approaches to understanding how this sensation and perception takes place. One of these is known as bottom-up processing and the other is known as top-down processing. Bottom-Up Focuses on incoming sensory data Takes place in real time More data driven Top-Down Uses previous experience and expectations Info is interpreted using contextual clues Bottom-up processing can be defined as sensory analysis that begins at the entry levelâ€"with what our senses can detect. This form of processing begins with sensory data and goes up to the brains integration of this sensory information. Information is carried in one direction starting with the retina and proceeding to the visual cortex. This process suggests that processing begins with perception of the stimuli and is fueled by basic mechanisms developed through evolution. Unlike top-down processing, bottom-up processing is purely data-driven and requires no previous knowledge or learning. Bottom-up processing takes place as it happens. For example, if you see an  image of an individual letter  on your screen, your eyes transmit the information to your brain, and your brain puts all of this information together. How It Works The theory of bottom-up processing was introduced by psychologist E. J. Gibson, who took a direct approach to the understanding of perception. Rather than being dependent upon learning and context, Gibson felt that perception was a “what you see is what you get” process.?? He argued that sensation and perception are the same thing. Because Gibson’s theory suggests that processing can be understood solely in terms of environmental stimuli, it is something referred to as the ecological theory of perception. The bottom-up processing works like this: We experience sensory information about the world around us, such as light levels from our environment.These signals are brought to the retina. Transduction transforms these signals into electrical impulses that can then be transmitted.Electrical impulses travel along visual pathways to the brain, where they enter the visual cortex and are processed to form our visual experience. This approach to understanding perception is an example of reductionism. Rather than looking at perception more holistically, including how sensory information, visual processes, and expectations contribute to how we see the world, bottom-up processing breaks the process down into its most basic elements. How Psychologists Use Reductionism to Understand Behavior Bottom-Up vs. Top-Down Processing You can compare how bottom-up processing works to how top-down processing works by considering examples of how each process works. Imagine that you see a somewhat obscure shape. If you saw the shape on its own, using bottom-up processing, you might immediately perceive it as a capital letter B. Now if someone were to place that image next to other context clues, such as next to the numbers 12 and 14, you might them perceive it as the number 13 rather than a capital B. In this case, you use top-down processing to interpret the visual information in light of surrounding visual cues. Visual Illusions While the two processes are often presented as competing theories, both play an important role in perception. The experience of visual illusions, for example, can illustrate how bottom-up and top-down processes influence how we experience the world. You have probably seen a number of visual illusions where random ink blobs initially just look like ambiguous shapes, but after a moment begin to look like a face. If we used only bottom-up processing, these ink blobs would continue to look just like random shapes on paper. However, because our brains are predisposed to perceive faces and because of top-down processes, we are likely to begin to see a human face in these ambiguous shapes. Brain Disorders and Damage Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a neurological disorder in which people are unable to recognize familiar faces, including their own. While other aspects of visual processing and cognitive functioning remain unaffected, people experience functional sensation but incomplete perception.?? Patients are able to perceive familiar faces, but not able to recognize them. In this case, bottom-up processing remains functional, but a lack of top-down processing makes them unable to relate what they are seeing to stored knowledge. This demonstrates how important both processes are in shaping our perceptual experiences. A Word From Verywell Bottom-up processing can be extremely useful for understanding certain elements of how perception occurs. However, research has also shown that other factors including expectation and motivation (elements of top-down processing) can have an impact on how we perceive things around us. Top-Down Processing: How It Influences Perception

Modernist Drama Essay - 2500 Words

Madison Micucci Since 300 B.C, dramatists all over the world have modeled their works after Aristotle’s definition of drama as â€Å"the imitation of an action that is serious†¦in a dramatic rather than narrative form with incidents arousing pity and fear wherewith to accomplish a catharsis of these emotions.† Aristotle’s ideas have endured centuries of change and continue to transcend cultural and historical boundaries. Countless works, whether classical or contemporary, follow the example set by the ancient Greeks, Shakespeare and others, to create dramatic masterpieces that thrill, dazzle and overwhelm the audience by appealing to their emotions. However, the dawn of twentieth century gave rise to new theatrical forms that take the†¦show more content†¦Instead, Chekhov reveals the unfortunate facts in a casual conversation between Trepolev and Dorn in Act Four. When Dorn asks about Nina as an afterthought, Trepolev explains matter-of-factly, She ran away from home and joined Trigorin. She had a child that died. Trigorin soon tired of her and returned to his former ties, as might have been expected. As far as I can make out from what I have heard, Ninas domestic life has not been altogether a success. She is in the village, at the inn. She has been there for five days. I should have gone to see her but†¦she refuses to see anyone. Her father and stepmother have disowned her. They have even put watchmen all around their estate to keep her away (Chekhov, 76). Trepolev’s brief explanation is devoid of palpable concern, and none of the other characters in the scene are distressed by what should be devastating news. Thus, the audience has little opportunity to empathize with Nina. Chekhov also curbs the emotional impact of the situation by quickly shifting focus to the arrival of two other characters. Moments later, he uses indirect action again to reveal Trepolev’s suicide. As the end of the play approaches, there is no hint of dramatic tension, which is why Dorn’s final line â€Å"†¦what I wanted to say was that Constantine has shot himself† is so profound. This intentionally abrupt conclusion leaves the audience to ponder its significanceShow MoreRelatedThematic Analysis Of The Novel Mrs. Dalloway And The Cannibalist Manifesto `` By Oswald De Andrade1471 Words   |  6 PagesThematic Concern in Modernist Literature The modernist literature or literary modernism traces its origin in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It has its roots mainly in North America and Europe. It is characterized by various authors from various genres of literature with a self-conscious break with the conventional way of writing in prose, plays, and poetry. The major modernist works of Samuel Beckett’s, â€Å"Waiting for Godot,† poem by T. S. 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Decision to Move into an International Market - 605 Words

Terms and Definitions Upon a company making the decision to move into an international market there are many economic terms, definitions and laws that are to be researched and understood. While there are lots of terms and definitions, five of these terms include: multinational corporations, economies of scale, imports and exports as part of GDP, foreign exchange market and exchange rates and marginal rate of transformation. Each definition will be researched and defined below and their importance to a company going global will be discussed. Multinational Corporations A multinational corporation or a â€Å"MNC† can be defined as a company operating in at least one other country besides its home country. A MNC can be a closed system, in which it produces within said country and sells to that country only. Most MNC’s, though, are open systems in which they produce in one country and sell to another. MNC’s are driven by the law of supply and demand. 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Admission Essay Final Free Essays

Pursuing my dream career in Practical Nursing will bring to me a great sense of satisfaction.   I have always wanted to study nursing up to the highest education level possible for two reasons; one to use the education for life and secondly to live off the education. Education for me is just more than attaining good grades. We will write a custom essay sample on Admission Essay Final or any similar topic only for you Order Now Education for me is an opportunity to develop into a well-rounded person, fully equipped to face the world and serve my community and humanity and eventually make the world a better place for future generations to live in. The Lead School of Technology University has a unique culture which emphasizes on innovation, imagination and a culture of valuing of people. The Lead School of Technology University has a well-equipped library which meets the research needs of students, fully computerized and equipped with state of the art equipment. This is very ideal for nursing students and is very crucial for me as a nursing student. Throughout my life, I have always desired to study nursing from a reputable University hence my desire to join Lead School of Technology University which has unmatched standards in as far as nursing programs are concerned. My dream is to excel as a nursing student and graduate as a well-rounded nursing professional able to deal with the challenges that constantly emerge in the field. Without this hands-on experience, skills and knowledge, I cannot be able to make it, hence, my resolve to join Lead School of Technology University where I believe I will achieve my career and academic goals.   My dream to pursue nursing stems from an early age, partly from the encouragement from parents and secondly from my personal ambitions and career goals. My ambition is grounded in the realization that I am talented I love caring for people. I understand the importance of nurturing the talent and for me, the best way to do it is by studying nursing at the University level. For me, nursing is more than giving care; it is more than a path to a promising career.   Nursing is a means to express oneself in one of the mot effective ways. Nursing leads to special way of communication in that it connects the nurse and the patient. Nursing is the best avenue to solve some of the social challenges the world is faced with, in regard to disease. Nursing can play a very positive role in conflict resolution in a world dominated by violence and selfishness. It is my conviction that, enrolling for a LPN course in this college will provide me with the necessary information-based skills to excel in achieving my career goals.   In this competitive world, it takes discipline, an understanding of relevant laws, a good understanding of ethical code of conduct and a couple of other skills to survive in the competitive nursing field.   My admission for a LPN program will therefore equip me with the above-mentioned skills and therefore make me a qualified professional. Conclusion   My interest in Lead School of Technology University is informed by the fact that, it will offer me with an empowering study environment. Lead School of Technology University has a sizeable number of students which means that, admission at the University requires high qualifications making it a center for excellence. I really look forward to getting admission to the Lead School of Technology University nursing program. Bibliography Gordon, V (2005).   Career advising: An academic advisor’s guide. San Francisco CA: Jossey-Bass. How to cite Admission Essay Final, Essays

National Competitive Advantage and Employability †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the National Competitive Advantage and Employability. Answer: Introduction There are certain strategies that can augment the capacity of firm in relation to creating employment. This essay discusses the four strategies that can help the firms in Kuwait in creating more employment. Discussion The government of Kuwait understands that investing in the arena of skills, education along with training can help in developing a work force that is sustainable. It can help in boosting the competitiveness of Kuwait and provide career for that of the young people. Collaboration between that of government, investor, employer and the young people can create supportive eco-system that can prepare young people so that they contribute to that of the GCC work force (Smither, Houston and McIntire 2016). A report has shown that co-relation between that of higher student score in the field of science along with mathematics can help in increasing the per capita growth rate. Heavy investment in that of the education sector by the government can help in increasing the capacity of the firms in creating employment opportunities. The curricula should be aligned with the needs of the employers and the education system in the country does not prepare the students with that of the right technical skills. Companies should have more input that can drive the course content towards that of the specific requirements (Aryee et al. 2016). It can then develop a workforce that aligns itself with the demands of the market. The students should be exposed to that of the work environment with the help of internships. The students should be equipped with the core skills that are required in the industry. Structured collaboration along with partnership can help in closing the skills gap related to education. This can help in boosting the importance of certain courses and can raise standard in relation to teaching. It can create opportunities for the students in getting genuine insight into that of the potential career. It can help in providing pipeline to that of the talent and identification of the best before that of the competitors. It can help in boosting the brand awareness. The universities should get involved in the process of designing of that of the curricula that can boost the rankings of the institution (Bennett, Richardson and MacKinnon 2015). Level of employability that is offered by course can act as the measurement for the students so that they can choose where they want to study. Conclusion Encouraging a culture within which work is perceived to be attractive can help in achieving success in relation to education-to-employment initiative. The government should be able to create dynamic private sector that can support that of the local population (Mistry, Awasekar and Halkude 2017). It can help them in finding ways that can boost their appetite in relation to taking on challenging work. Raising the profile of that of the alternative can help the entrepreneurs in starting the business. Entrepreneurial spirit among that of the young people in Kuwait is quite low. The young entrepreneurs are held back on account of cultural stigma and a fear that they would fail. References: Aryee, S., Walumbwa, F.O., Seidu, E.Y. and Otaye, L.E., 2016. Developing and leveraging human capital resource to promote service quality: Testing a theory of performance. Journal of management, 42(2), pp.480-499. Bennett, D., Richardson, S. and MacKinnon, P., 2015. Enacting strategies for graduate employability: How universities can best support students to develop generic skills.Sydney: Australian Government Office for Learning and Teaching. Mistry, R., Awasekar, D. and Halkude, S., 2017. Integrating Various Instructional Strategies with Project Based Learning for Enhancing Knowledge and Employability in Automobile Engineering.Journal of Engineering Education Transformations,30(3), pp.179-186. Smither, R., Houston, J. and McIntire, S., 2016.Organization development: Strategies for changing environments. Routledge.

s Republic - Gender Equality

Plato’s Republic was perhaps one of the more controversial pieces of writing from its time. In this book, Plato attempted to immortalize the ideals put forward by his teacher and mentor, Socrates the Sophist. Most of Socrates’ beliefs went against Athenian tradition and convention, and as such was subject to great disapproval from influential Athenian superiors. Essentially, Socrates disagreed with virtually every aspect of the way Athens was run. He had his own ideas about the way in which an ideal city should be run, and voiced his opinion on diverse topics of discussion including the role of Athenian women in society. On examination of Socrates’ discourse, as he put forward his viewpoint on a woman’s place in the ideal city in Plato’s Republic, it was glaringly obvious that his opinion would not be embraced open-heartedly by Athenian readers of that time. It was customary in ancient Greece that women’s activities were held completely separate from those of the men. In the time of Homer, women were seen as possessions, as was demonstrated throughout the Iliad, where they were awarded to men as prizes. Their status in society did not improve by very much in later years. In Thucydides’ account, one of the few mentions of women was made by Pericles, in his funeral oration, where he advocated that they should be â€Å"least talked of among the men, whether for good or for bad† (Thuc. 2.45). In essence, women lived in the shadows, unseen, and unheard, with their primary purpose being to bear heirs for their husbands. The proposition put forward in Plato’s Republic was in complete disagreement with this long-standing view of society’s females. The concept that women and men should be treated equally was totally foreign, and the presentation of this idea to any ancient Athenian male would have been immediately scorned. It would have been viewed as totally unacceptable, because this was simply not the way things were do... 's Republic - Gender Equality Free Essays on Plato\'s Republic - Gender Equality Plato’s Republic was perhaps one of the more controversial pieces of writing from its time. In this book, Plato attempted to immortalize the ideals put forward by his teacher and mentor, Socrates the Sophist. Most of Socrates’ beliefs went against Athenian tradition and convention, and as such was subject to great disapproval from influential Athenian superiors. Essentially, Socrates disagreed with virtually every aspect of the way Athens was run. He had his own ideas about the way in which an ideal city should be run, and voiced his opinion on diverse topics of discussion including the role of Athenian women in society. On examination of Socrates’ discourse, as he put forward his viewpoint on a woman’s place in the ideal city in Plato’s Republic, it was glaringly obvious that his opinion would not be embraced open-heartedly by Athenian readers of that time. It was customary in ancient Greece that women’s activities were held completely separate from those of the men. In the time of Homer, women were seen as possessions, as was demonstrated throughout the Iliad, where they were awarded to men as prizes. Their status in society did not improve by very much in later years. In Thucydides’ account, one of the few mentions of women was made by Pericles, in his funeral oration, where he advocated that they should be â€Å"least talked of among the men, whether for good or for bad† (Thuc. 2.45). In essence, women lived in the shadows, unseen, and unheard, with their primary purpose being to bear heirs for their husbands. The proposition put forward in Plato’s Republic was in complete disagreement with this long-standing view of society’s females. The concept that women and men should be treated equally was totally foreign, and the presentation of this idea to any ancient Athenian male would have been immediately scorned. It would have been viewed as totally unacceptable, because this was simply not the way things were do...

once were warriors essays

once were warriors essays In the movie, Once Were Warriors by Alan Duff, he explains how a family is ruined mainly because of alcohol. Once Were Warriors is a movie that is all about the truth in cultures. As we all know, alcohol usually causes negative behavior. For example, in the movie it shows how alcohol causes violence, poverty, and child abuse in a family. Alcoholism is something common in mostly every culture. Usually alcoholics do not want to realize that alcohol is the problem of many things. To alcoholics, alcohol is a substance that does not do any harm and does not hurt anyone. As shown in the video, the children and wife are victims in certain ways of the alcoholic husband/father. Therefore, we can say that every person in society is a victim of alcohol no matter if they drink or dont drink. Violence was one of the main components in the movie. It shows how the family had to live with violence instead of love. Also, it shows how the wife has to put up with the beatings, Jake the husband would give her. This is usually seen in every culture where the man drinks until he is drunk. After certain man is drunk he takes the power to beat the wife and feel that he is the boss of the relationship. I have been a witness of this situation, where the woman is always being violently beaten by the spouse. This is something that occurs everyday and everywhere. I believe that the woman can put a stop to this situation by giving herself the position she deserves. Usually the woman puts up with the violence because supposedly she loves the spouse. She may love the spouse, but she does not love herself and in order to achieve she needs to love herself and put atop to everything that causes her harm. As we all have seen, the woman always considers herself a victim of a violent relationship. Being a woman, there is not only one victim in the relationship. Every person that is involved in a drunken society ...

First Constitutional Amendment and Protection of Freedom Research Paper

First Constitutional Amendment and Protection of Freedom - Research Paper Example It furnishes the right of vocalization liberally; showing their apprehension about the government scheme to the residents/press of United States. The objective of this analysis is to understand the first amendment to the constitution and freedom of speech. First rectification in the Bill of Rights satisfies the fundamental legitimate right, i.e. autonomy of speech. It grants us the authority to express our opinions concerning the government scheme, state condition, and industrial conditions. However, it can be limited during wartime or any other condition; for example, if autonomy of oration grows into a cause of a vilification, obscenity, violation of law and order requirements, etc. it could be limited. First section of the first amendment forbids the Congress to bestow any supremacy or preference assuming one religion over other. It has patently bordered Congress to admire everybody despite everything of religion or non-religion. Nonetheless, this was only enforced on federal auth orities but later, under the internalization conviction, picked out sustenance was wielded to the states.

Environment and Health Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environment and Health - Speech or Presentation Example The most advisable way to produce quality food is to grow our crops and animals in an organic manner in our farms. Meaning, we will grow our crops and animals without using GMOs, chemicals and antibiotics in this country (www.gov.uk nd). It may be more expensive to do this but the government can help by providing financial assistance to our farmers. The public can help by willing to buy these quality organic food at a slightly higher price so that it would be economically viable for farmers to grow quality organic crops and animals. The second option is to import quality foods in countries from our neighbouring countries. We have to set our expectation that we cannot import from far flung countries because quality foods that are organic have shorter shelf life. Fruits can be imported as they have longer shelf life compared to vegetables. Making the food and farming industry more competitive while protecting the environment. (n.d.). Retrieved March 5, 2015, from

The Historical Portrayal in Forrest Gump

The Historical Portrayal in Forrest Gump Forrest Gump is a famous 1994 American comedy-drama film based on the novel written by Winston Groom; directed by Robert Zemeckis. The story depicts the life of a simple Alabama man Forest Gump who travels around the world, meets historical figures and influences and participates in important historical events of the second half of the 20th century. The film Forrest Gump is about a simple mans journey through complicated times. Exciting, deep and kind film narrates from the behalf of the protagonist Forrest Gump (Tom Hanks), a harmless imbecile man (his level of IQ is 75) with a noble and an open heart, the story of his extraordinary life. The plot begins with the childhood of the hero and ends up as he sends his own son to school. During the life, Forrest overcomes many difficulties, and always sees only positive side of events. During the film he takes part in major events of American history of the second half of 20th century, and unconsciously influences on popular culture of the United States. From an ordinary man he turns into a well-known tennis player, war hero, a successful businessman. He becomes a billionaire, but remains as unsophisticated, weak-minded and kind. Forrest reaches success in everything, and he loves the girl, who was his friend in childhood, but reciprocity comes too late. The main character, a native of the southern state (and as it is understood a patriarchal and conservative) of Alabama, actually travels across America in the 50s and 80s, turning out one way or another, becomes a witness of historic events in the life of the nation, almost climbing into the frames of newsreels that depict well-known political figures from the era of John F. Kennedy to Ronald Reagan and popular singers from Elvis Presley to John Lennon. The film Forrest Gump is not historical film, its more drama and melodrama, but it shows the close connection of Forrest with real historical characters and his participation in historical events. The film shows all the significant events of the period between the 1950s and the 1980s and introduces them to the main character. The film does not distort the real events, but contributes to the public understanding of the issues it presents. This feature film helps viewers learn more about the historical events of the second half of the 20th century, so it is difficult to overestimate its value. Forrest Gump is a look at the past approximately thirty years of U.S. history. The fact that the problems of America 1960 1980, including, for example, drug abuse and the war in Vietnam, are shown through the eyes of simple-minded Forrest, exculpates American society for this it is said by the magazine columnist of Time, Richard Corliss, Julie Grace and Marta Smildzhis in their joint review of the film (Corliss 1994). Nevertheless, Forrest stands out as a character in a highly sentimental Hollywood cinema, where the most important historical and social problems are often presented as elements of fairy tales with a happy end (Corliss 1994). According to Peter Travers from Rolling Stone, in the image of Forrest there are gathered the best national character features of Americans honesty, courage and fidelity (Travers 2000). The Russian critic Andrei Shemyakin considers film to be a parable about the American national character on the fracture of his fate (Gordinier 1995), and Rita Kempley from Washington Post believes that in Forrest Gump there is shown a destruction of the national character (Kempley 1994). It is easy to notice that Forrests life is very conservative, while his girlfriend Jenny embodies the counterculture she is involved in anti-war marches, uses drugs, and is sexually promiscuous. Jenny is a shadow of Forrest (Guthmann 1995). According to Roger Ebert, her reunion with Forrest Gump at the end of the film represents the dream of American society uniting (Ebert 1994). At the same time Gumps coproducer Steven Tisch mentioned: I dont think the film was a catalyst for a trend of any kind. I dont think this film is about conservative or liberal values, or even American values. The film is about human values (Gordinier 1995). Forrest Gump is a wonderful person, honest and brave, but with one peculiarity he is moronic. And the combination of an outstanding personality with a limited imagination allows him to enjoy life, not to justify himself. This opened an enormous sense for many of his followers. Being completely devoid of egoism, Forrest receives of a lot of luck in return from the life. His girlfriend Jenny, by contrast, lives in constant issueless search. The main stereotype that was changed in the film is that it is possible to live the whole life full of difficulties, reach success and remain open and kind. Forrest Gump simply goes his own way. He saves his fellow soldiers, and becomes a hero of Vietnam; he is the best player and national champion in a game of table tennis in Japan. He changes the lives of several people and creates a multi-million dollar business; he keeps his word given to the deceased friend. He even teaches Elvis Presley to dance. And thus, he remains a simple and open person. His phrase: My momma always said, Life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what youre gonna get became very famous (Forest Gump 1994). The film addresses different social issues of American life. It mostly represents the middle class and life of ordinary people; it depicts the race problems, showing how black people fought for their rights. It also touches gender issues, showing that Jenny lived in the hostel for girls and Forest couldnt visit her. Politics is also one of the topics that were briefly covered in the film while showing real episodes of lives of such people as John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Baines Johnson and Richard Milhous Nixon. There are shown such popular singers as Elvis Presley and John Lennon. The issues of nationality, cultural norms, people on the margins of society and other are also mentioned in the film. Forrest Gump is considered to be one of the kindest and touching films of world cinema, even though it is drama. The director Robert Zemeckis demonstrated in this film the entirely new approach to presenting the material, driving the narrative on behalf of a mentally retarded man, and showing life through his eyes. Surprisingly, but life through the eyes of Forrest Gump is not terrible and hopeless, as we used to think it is. The life of Forrest Gump suddenly becomes very simple, understandable, but at the same time, deep in meaning and rich with interesting events. It is the simplicity of Forrest Gumps vital principles and his immediate perception of complex life events that causes the effect of stunning ease the perception of this film. The film is not historical, but it shows the connection of the protagonist with real historical characters and his participation in historical events. The film contributes to the public understanding of the issues it presents, and makes a great impa ct on its intended audience. Film realistically, without distorting shows the problems of America 1960 1980, and therefore it is very valuable and is still considered one of the best films of American cinema.

Hesses Siddhartha as it Parallels Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Essay

Hesse's Siddhartha as it Parallels Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs    Several parallels can be drawn between the psychologist Abraham Maslow's theoretical hierarchy of needs and the spiritual journey of Siddhartha, the eponymous main character in Herman Hesse's novel.   Maslow's hierarchy of needs is somewhat of a pyramid that is divided into eight stages of need through which one progresses throughout one's entire life. During the course of his lifetime, Siddhartha's personality develops in a manner congruent with the stages of Maslow's hierarchy.   Siddhartha's progress from each of the major sections of the hierarchy is marked by a sharp change in his life or behavior. Siddhartha is the story of a young man's journey in search of truth. Early in life, Siddhartha and his friend Govinda hear the teachings of the Buddha.   Govinda is convinced of the validity of the Buddha's teachings and becomes one of his followers.   Siddhartha, on the other hand, was not satisfied with the Buddha's teachings because he believed that it was not possible to obtain true enlightenment through the words of others but that it must be experienced empirically.   Siddhartha therefore rejects the life of a Brahmin to become a Samana (a wandering person who gives up material possessions for his faith).   After he tires of this life, he moves on to learn the art of love from a woman named Kamala and the art of business from a man named Kamaswami.   He lives his new life for many years but then begins to feel that his mind has become stagnant and that he needs something new in his life.   He abandons the surroundings he now finds decadent and becomes frie nds and lives with a ferry-man who he met years before.   He spends the rest of his life with ... ...e of material wants and was truly happy just to exist.   He realized his potential and found wonder in the world around him. At some time during life, everyone must face Siddhartha's challenge. Everyone spends their life trying to attain self fulfillment and true contentment.   And during that time, one must remember the importance of the journey itself, not only the actual achievement.   Although not everyone reaches that goal, it is that goal which motivates people to strive to be their very best, knowing that lasting happiness sits shining atop the pyramid.    Works Cited Hesse, Herman. Siddhartha. New York: New Directions Publishing Company, 1951. Glenn, Jerry. Monarch Notes. The Major Works of Herman Hesse. New York: Monarch Press, 1973. Schultz, Duane . Theories of Personality. Monterey, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, 1976.

Research in the Mood

http://dnsc. academia. edu/ennelgArugal Final Paper in PA 231 Public Fiscal Administration Glenne B. Lagura Gaming || Gambling (Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation – PAGCor) Submitted to: DR. ANTONIO M. FAUNILLIAN JR. , MPA Instructor Submitted by: Glenne B. Lagura UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHEASTERN PHILIPPINES BO. OBRERO, DAVAO CITY College of Governance and Business Master of Public Administration April 10, 2012 1 Glenne B. Lagura Outline: I. Introduction a) b) c) d) Background of PAGCor Board of Directors Management PAGCor’s Operational Highlights ? Sources of PAGCor’s income ? PAGCor’s earnings ?PAGCor’s contribution to nation building II. Discussion a) Where does PAGCor’s income go? b) Corporate Social Responsibilities of PAGCor III. Analyses a) Social Problems b) Reduce Revenue? c) PAGCor: Problems and Challenges ? Illegal becomes Legal ? Aware or Unaware? or Aware to be Unaware? ? Institutional Problems d) Anomalies ? Regulate†¦ A uthorize†¦ WATCHED! ? Is gambling a cursed? e) Corruptions f) Recent Issues IV. Possible Solutions and Recommendations a) b) c) d) e) Maintain the Status Quo; PAGCOR to concentrate on its regulatory function; Privatization; Abolish and close PAGCOR; and Formulated solutions from a study.V. VI. Conclusion References 2 I. Introduction A. Background of PAGCor The role and impact of Government-Owned and Control Corporation (GOCC) on the fiscal position of the government and the economy continue to be significant to this day. Despite reforms undertaken in the past, according to the Commission on Audit, there remain around one hundred thirty three GOCCs operating in the areas of agriculture, transportation, infrastructure, public utilities, provision of housing, industrial development and finance. The dismal performance of many of these corporations has contributed to the fiscal deficits of the public sector.As defined under PD 2029, GOCC is â€Å"a stock or a non-stock corporation, whether performing governmental or proprietary functions, which is directly chartered by special law or, if organized under the general corporation law, is owned or controlled by the government directly or indirectly through a parent corporation or subsidiary corporation, the extent of at least a majority of its outstanding capital stock or of its outstanding voting capital stock. † Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCor) is a 100 percent government-owned and controlled corporation.It was established to regulate all games of chance in the country. It was created in 1977 to oversee the operation of gaming casinos, to generate funds for the government’s developmental projects, to promote tourism in the country, and to help curb illegal gambling. PAGCor had an initial authorized capital stock of P5 million which was later increased to P200 million. PAGCor is authorized to borrow money from local or foreign sources. Half of PAGCor’s earnings are remitte d to the Bureau of the Treasury (BOT) to be used in programs and projects as directed and authorized by the Office of the President of the Philippines.This is aside from the mandated beneficiaries which receive funding from PAGCor. Its remaining funds form part of the Social Fund to finance infrastructure and/or socio-civic projects. The Corporation was created during the Martial Law years by virtue of a Presidential Decree (PD 1067-A) in response to calls for the Philippine Government to put a stop to the growing proliferation of illegal casino operations in various parts of the country then. The law creating PAGCor was later amended and consolidated by PD 1896 otherwise known as the PAGCor Charter.Under this Charter, PAGCOR is mandated to: ? Regulate, authorize and license games of chance, games of cards and games of numbers, particularly casino gaming in the Philippines; ? Generate revenues for the Philippine Government’s socio-civic and national development programs; and ? Help promote the Philippine tourism industry. In June 2007, Republic Act 9847 was passed by the Philippine Congress, extending the corporate life of the state-run gaming firm by 25 years, renewable for another 25 years. It also prescribed the following amendments to the PAGCor Charter: 3 ? ? ? ?PAGCor can enter into agreements including joint venture, with any person, firm, association or corporation; Requirements to obtain consent of the local government authority that has territorial jurisdiction over the area chosen as site for any PAGCor’s operations; Exclusion of jai alai from PAGCor operations; and Delimitation of regulatory authority and power over gaming activities covered by other existing franchises, regulatory bodies or special laws. Presently, PAGCor is the third largest revenue-generating arm of the government next to the BIR and the Bureau of Customs.From January to November 2011, PAGCor generated gross revenue of P33. 15 billion, P15. 51 billion of which was channeled to large-scale socio-civic programs. B. Board of Directors The Board of Directors is composed of five (5) members, three (3) of whom shall come from the government sector and shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines and the other two (2) shall come from the private sector who own at least 1 share of stock in the corporation and shall be elected by the stockholders of the corporation in the annual general meeting or in a special meeting called for such purpose.Each Director shall serve for a term of one (1) year and until his successor shall have been duly qualified and appointed. C. Management PAGCor is managed by its Chief Executive Officer who is the concurrent Chairman of the Board. He is assisted by PAGCor’s President and concurrent Chief Operating Officer, a Vice-President for Administration, and various department heads. 134 Personnel management policies set by the Board of Directors govern the hiring of personnel.All employees of the casinos and related services are classified as â€Å"confidential† appointees and their employment is exempt from the provisions of the Labor Code or any of its implementing rules and regulations. As such, employee unions or any form of employee associations are not allowed to be formed to ensure continuous and uninterrupted service to its customers. D. PAGCor’s Operational Highlights PAGCor is engaged in the business of gaming and is the only entity franchised by the government to operate casinos in the country. Its major product lines consist of table games, slot machines, and chip washing.It also offers internet gaming, internet sports betting, and bingo and slot machine demo units. Internationally recognized games like Baccarat, Black Jack, Roulette, Craps, Big & Small, Pai Gow Poker, Stud Poker, Pontoon, and Super 6 are available in its Casino Filipino branches. Aside from table games and slot machines, PAGCor has also expanded its operations to include the conduct and regul ation of bingo games as it expands the image of Casino Filipino from a gaming venue into a vehicle for wholesome entertainment for the whole family. 4 With all those line of business transactions, PAGCor is set to uphold its olicy by constantly upgrading and using a state-of-the-art technology to make it at par with the top gaming destinations of the world as it puts into action its vision of becoming â€Å"A Global Corporation with a Global Mindset and a Filipino Heart. † ? Sources of PAGCor’s Income PAGCor derives bulk of its income from the winnings of the gaming, slot machine and in-house bingo operations of its different casino branches. The corporation also gets substantial earnings from other sources like its other regulated gaming activities such as private licensed casinos, poker operations, commercial bingo operations, E-games and others. PAGCor’s earnings PAGCor is the Philippine government third largest revenue-generating arm, next to the Bureau of I nternal Revenue (BIR) and the Bureau of Customs (BOC). From the time the government went into the direct management’s and supervision of casino operations in 1986 up to December 31 2010, PAGCor generated a staggering gross revenues of P355. 575 billion. ? PAGCor’s contributions to nation building Of the P355. 775 billion total revenues over the last 25 years, PAGCor’s contributions to nation building amounted to P203. 646 billion, which comprised 57% of the agency’s gross earnings during the period.These contributions were in the form of remittances to the BIR and the National Treasury which went directly to government coffers for funding farreaching and wide-ranging national; the Philippines Sports Commission for the training of the country’s national athletes in international sporting events and in cultivating Philippine sports at the grassroots; the Board of Claims to give justice to those who were wrongly accused or prosecuted; hundreds of comm unity development programs of nationwide implemented through the efforts of PAGCor’s casino host-cities which get a share from the corporation’s revenues; and the Presidents Social Fund which has been tapped to finance high impact programs such as construction of school bui8ldings, provision of potable water systems in the countryside, and funding of livelihood programs for the marginalized sectors of society, among others. II. Discussions 5 A. Where does PAGCor’s income go? In accordance with its Charter, PAGCor’s income is distributed in the following manner: ? ? ? ? ? % of net winnings goes to the BIR as franchise tax; 50% of the 95% balance goes to the National Treasury as the National Government’s mandated income share; 1% of the net cash income goes to the Board of Claims, an agency under the Department of Justice, which compensates victims of wrongful detention and prosecution; 5% of the balance after the Franchise Tax and the National Gover nment’s mandated income share goes to the Philippine Sports Commission to finance the country’s sports development programs; and Fixed amount is given to cities hosting Casino Filipino branches for their respective community development projects. Aside from the abovementioned mandatory contributions, PAGCor has also tapped as funding source for the implementation of the following vital laws: ? P 400 million a year or P2 billion in five years to the Early Childhood Car and Development Program; ? P100 million initial funding to the Sports Benefits and Incentives Act; ? P300 million or P10 million a month to the Gasoline Training and Loan fund; ?P250 million to be taken from the remittance to the President’s Social Fund to implement the National Museum Act of 1998; ? P5 million a month to be taken from the National Treasury’s share to support the Comprehensive Dangerous Act of 2002; ? P30 million to fund the Children’s TV Act of 1997; ? P300 million c ontribution to the Barangay Micro Business Development Fund; ? P50 million for the National Book Development Trust Fund; and ? P312 million for the Department of Science and Technology. The remaining balance of PAGCor’s income is then remitted to the President’s Social Fund to help finance the priority projects of the government. Below is the figure indicating the *distribution of the revenue generated by the Corporation. 6 Based on the 2010 Annual Report of PAGCOR Figure 1: Income Distribution of PAGCor B. Corporate Social Responsibilities of PAGCor The following are the activities conducted by PAGCor as appended in the Annual Report 2011 of the institution: 1. 2. 3. 4. Bringing basic social services closer to the Filipino masses Helps blast victims get back on their feet – literally Restoring he Pasig River back to life Sharing the Gift of Hope – Pamaskong Handog III. Analyses As the third largest revenue generator in the country, PAGCor plays a vital r ole in the economic development and took part of responsibility with regards to fiscal advancement of the country.Aside from the bulk income generated by this institution, it attracts also the foreign investors to invest in this kind of business thus promoting the country as a tourist spot in terms of legal gaming and gambling. Even by that, though it brought a cause for the alleviation of the economic situation as per scrutiny, as a counterpart, it conveys some consequences and also faces problems and issues. The following sited situations prevails the point of view of the owner of this paper as to the current situation of PAGCor and its effects to the community. Further, some contents of this part contain documentation of issues and problems base from the current news and information cited from different reliable sources. Moreover, the views and opinions of the presenter do 7 ot necessarily reflect the contents or discussion of the neither class nor stand point of the subject inst ructor, thus all the generated opinions are purely coming from the presenter. ? Social Problems With the initial concept of regulating and legalizing any games of chance and gambling in the country in order to raise revenue, presently it gives an idea to the common people to formulate their own versions of establishing in any ways and means which are now considered to be as illegal. Some of the few illegal or unauthorized games or activities that exist are the following: cockfighting, jueteng, horse racing bingo and other forms of lotteries, slot machines other mechanical contraptions and devices and online gambling. All the above mentioned activities are against the PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 602 wherein it prescribes stiffer penalties on illegal gambling. Aside from the fact that it contradicts the law of the land, reality check, these illegal actions became a part of the regular activities of those individuals in a community who are engaging their selves to be part of these. Worse c omes to worst, these brought an obvious social problems which we encountered nowadays. It entices everyone, old and young even children to be involved in these activities. At an early age, children at this time learn the knowhow of involving their selves in these activities which brought pessimist consequences with regards to their studies and to the habitual lifestyle of the people.This reality is pretended to be unknown to all of us, considered to be a usual activities and unfortunately, big officials are the one who is behind under this operations. If it is the rule of the PAGCor to regulate these illegal activities, then who is in charge of implementing necessary actions to those who make these obvious offenses? What actions were countered already with regards to discontinuing these rampant activities which resulted to crime, death and other anti-humanitarian acts? Is the subject institution took already a response to the matter? Below is a statement quoted about illegal gamblin g by Roy Q. Lagarde in his article â€Å"The Scourge of Legalized Gambling†. Gambling’s negative consequences are even more formidable than the flaunted revenues to subsidize purportedly government’s social services programs. One which is a visible problem is crime. Historically, crime increases where gambling is legal. Studies showed that problematic gamblers sometimes turn to criminal activities to support their habit. Gamblers often deal drugs, embezzle, or steal to get money to gamble or to pay gambling debts. Prostitution, and general sexual immorality, likewise rises because of immoral entertainment provided in and near gambling houses. In fact, alongside with most gambling dens in Metro Manila KTV bars have sprouted like mushrooms, many of which conspicuously display Japanese characters and signs recruiting GROs. † 8 ? Reduce Revenue?It is visible already to the eyes of everybody the existence of those activities which are considered as illegal as t o the fact that PAGCor is the only institution that is authorizes to establish and to lead those activities. What a misery to imagine that even by now those establishment which are considered to be illegal in their operation are still in service of doing their unlawful work. Fortunate to the forefront of this criminal movement, it becomes a huge and growing business. Is the institution PAGCor, doesn’t bother to imagine what would be the effect of those growing illegal establishment in every region as to the income that is supposed to be generated by the institution? Accessibility wise, those illegal establishments can be nearly reach compare to those firms which are authorized to do such legal acts.If the PAGCor is the one also mandated to regulate those unlawful actions what possibly be the actions to be undertaken for the purpose of first, taking good care at their primary economic reason of generating revenue for the Republic of the Philippines, second, assessing their rol e as to the regulation of these rampant rising activities, third preventive measure of responding to this situation and last lawful actions that are needed to be done. ? PAGCor: Problems and Challenges A. Illegal? becomes Legal? Gambling is a major social problem in the country. Not even the ouster of President Joseph Estrada from Malacanang Palace, on charges of receiving â€Å"jueteng† money from syndicates, could abate the problem. Jueteng is said to be a P40-billion business in the Philippines, annually. The need to answer and to come up a solution as to the problem of rampant increase of illegal gambling in the country is quite an undying issue. It can be considered as an infinite problem in algebra, the constant looking for the value of â€Å"x† and â€Å"y†.In that case, the never-ending issue of the involvement of those influential persons is considered as the main angle to relate in this situation. Some if not many of the government officials in the cou ntry are involved in these illegal gambling and heard to be as the organizer and supporter of the prohibited gambling and gaming activities. â€Å"Philippine gambling laws permit a wide variety of licensed and taxed gaming options, yet Jueteng, the nation’s most popular game, is illegal and remains firmly in the hands of organized crime†, this statement was stressed in the article of Alex Nevsky, â€Å"Government Official Involved in Illegal Sports Betting in the Philippines† at the internet site www. gamingzone. om last April 26, 2011, where it was sited also the allegedly involvement of an administration employee in illegal gambling including operating illegal jai alai games and promoting online casino in the country. B. Aware or Unaware? Or Aware to be Unaware? In the published article â€Å"Is PAGCor a betting illegal gambling? † of Alejandro del Rosario at Manila Standard Today Newspaper last December 10, 2011, Senator Aquilino â€Å"Koko† Pim entel questioned the proliferation of gambling houses in the country. He queried also if the certain institution (PAGCor) is properly regulating the operation of these casinos which seem to 9 sprout like wild mushrooms. Senator Pimentel stated that PAGCor seems remiss in regulating the operation of these private casinos and electronic betting houses and lax in the granting of licenses to them.During that time, Pimentel heads the Senate committee on games and amusement, thus he seek to address the adverse effects of these gambling houses on the youth and the rising incidence of crime. C. Institutional Problems The following problems were cited based on the thesis of Cecilio Villanueva entitled â€Å"The Philippine Amusement & Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR) as Government Regulator and Operator of Legalized Gambling: It's Implications for National Security† which was published at www. ndcp. edu. ph last 2008: ? Unclear regulatory functions and procedures in registration/affiliation and granting of licenses; ? Lack of coordination with the Securities and Exchange Commission, DTI and other regulatory bodies; ?Relationship with the newly created Economic Zones Coordinate with PEZA and other entities empowered by law for economic zones; ? Relationship with the Local Government Units (LGUs); ? Problems with text scams; ? Casinos located close to each other; ? Operator Functions Gambling scams and syndicates / foreign terror groups; ? Arrogance/rudeness of the players; ? Overbearing presence of hookers and financiers to the disgust of players; ? Old and out-modeled machines and other gaming equipments; ? Church’s continued opposition to PAGCOR ; ? Perception of graft and corruption; ? Discipline/Attitudes of employees; ? So many employees of PAGCOR; ? More PAGCOR officials and employees being pirated for work abroad; ?Tourism Development Political intrigues; ? Financial Capacities ; ? How to continue with high income; ? Threat of privatization; ? Too much ex penses for non-organic personnel; and ? PAGCOR lagging behind in Asian Gaming Industry. Even by now, as we can see and heard at the news, with the recent issues PAGCor is facing, we can somewhat say that the institution is still trying to fix what is not being fixed out of those above cited problems. ? Anomalies A. Regulate†¦ Authorize†¦ WATCHED! In line with the article of Alejandro del Rosario, as accorded by Senator Pimentel, the issue is not the big revenue that can be generated by those casinos but they too need to be watched.The Senator recall incidences in past administrations when casino handlers were suspected of skimming from the revenue, where it should be that a portion of the revenue earned from these 10 casinos is supposed to go the President’s social amelioration fund. He added that the problem is the existence of small private gambling houses that propagate in many areas including residential ones. Signages of private poker clubs are everywhere and w hen it comes to the gambling houses, all are well shuttered with a guard-doorman usually stationed at the entrance and by that, we can only imagine what else goes on in there. B. Is gambling a cursed? In the paper of Roy Q.Lagarde it was stated by far also, there have been more accusations of anomalous transactions in PAGCOR including the P489 million in rents PAGCOR paid to the Hyatt Manila Hotel and Casino, and the hiring of 116 consultants, 103 retainers and many directors in exclusive clubs. It was further cited also in the said paper the standpoint of Francisco Tatad, erstwhile senator, whom charged Arroyo and some legislators for covering-up allegedly allowing PAGCOR to continue its operation. The senator explained the fact that PAGCOR was created under PD 1067-A, with a 25-year franchise to operate under PDs 1067-A, 1067-B and 1067-C, all issued on January 1, 1977. These decrees were, however, consolidated into one PD-No. 869 on July 11, 1983 without changing the 25-year cont ract, thus, the franchise was to expire January 1, 2002. But the Arroyo administration allegedly railroaded last December a bill which misrepresents the 25-year franchise as having taken effect on July 11, 1983 instead of Jan. 1, 1977, and expiring only on July 11, 2008 instead of having already expired on Jan. 1, 2002. ? Corruptions â€Å"The biggest problem, in a word, is corruption or at least the potential for it. In many years, not only few government officials have been implicated in gambling-related scandals. Members of House of Representatives constantly sat down in a session to address alleged scandals in the country’s gambling industry.Legislators have been demanding that the PAGCOR open its books to an audit so that the people will be able know how the ‘gaming’, if gambling, government corporation spends billions of pesos it earns from its operations. â€Å"Where do these revenues go and how does the general public benefit from them? † Rep. Cri spin Beltran asked during a House session. â€Å"It’s apparent that for all of PAGCOR’s projections that it donates millions to socio-civic projects of the government and contributes to charities, billions more are pocketed by its officials and their business partners in the private sector. PAGCOR is a government institution where corruption is inherent and undeniable. † quoted from the article â€Å"The Scourge of Legalized Gambling† by Roy Q. Lagarde at www. impactmagazine. net. To continue, Rep.Robert Jaworski said â€Å"From what I heard, PAGCOR is the Santa Claus for a lot of government officials and there is no way we could verify this report because of questionable disbursement procedures. I was also surprised that most of its finances are not covered by any auditing mechanism by Commission on Audit†. In factual basis, for several years, PAGCOR’s contributions to the President’s Social Fund did not pass through the National Tre asury until the 11 implementation of E-VAT recently, imposing a 10 percent tax on services not previously covered by the old VAT law including PAGCOR. ? Recent issues IV. Possible Solutions and Recommendations A. PAGCOR to concentrate on its regulatory function The idea of separating the roles of PAGCor is a situation that they should delve into.It is favorable to imagine separating the role of regulator and operator in order for the institution to focus in its focal function though it requires thorough revision. In an article from Philippine Star, â€Å"Palace: Separating PAGCor roles needs further study† by Delon Porcalla last March 05, 2012, Abigail Valte, deputy presidential spokesperson pointed out that Malacanang hinted already the amendment of separating the dual role of PAGCor but it requires further study. Further, PAGCor chairman and chief executive officer Cristino Naguiat Jr. , admitted that the idea requires congressional action which means going through the legi slative mill all over again .Naguiat said, PAGCor is open to spinning off its casino operations and retaining its regulatory role, to enable it to focus more on monitoring and policing the growing gambling business in the country. He stressed however that doing so would not be easy and that a closer study should be done. The scheme, if implemented, will have an impact on PAGCor’s financial commitments to national government and sports agencies. B. Privatization In an article of Francis Earl Cueto â€Å"Gambling is Life†, Edward King, spokesman for PAGCor chairman Efraim Genuino, told The Manila Times that first and foremost, one thing that people should remember is that PAGCor is a creation of law. The issue of privatizing PAGCor is also very controversial, with several lawmakers pushing for it and even more congressmen against it.King said that while the act can be considered purely from the noble and idealistic viewpoint that government should not be in the business of gambling, one has to think from the point of view of generating funds for the government. In addition, King said that if the government would privatize PAGCor, then all income goes to the private sector leaving only a small amount in taxes being paid to the government coffers. â€Å"If you give PAGCor to the private, they will just be paying taxes. There is a huge difference between a fraction of income from taxes to 100 percent, â€Å"King said. To comment with the situation, the issue of privatizing PAGCor in order to divest itself of assets to be more productive in the hands of the private sector would somewhat be an issue that talks a lot.The idea of transferring the management of the said institution into the private one for better management and proper delineation of function is a good thing to be heard, it could be beneficial in many ways. But, in my own perception, this dream might be turned into a great nightmare. We don’t know if those lawmakers/government offi cials have their own personal and hidden agenda of buying and operating 12 PAGCor as we could not deny the fact that the institution is producing bulky of pennies. This is the simple analogy, privatize PAGCor then, they get the income; the lawmakers may perhaps be getting their own kickbacks from certain lobby groups who want PAGCor for their personal purpose.If PAGCor will fall to the hand of those private individuals, then who will now regulate the activities of PAGCor? The point of arriving to this situation – selling another GOCC – emanates from the idea of poor management, corruption and undying anomalies. If that is the case, then the target is to seize the rats that slowly rotten the house and scrutinize the system and procedures brought by those pests. C. Abolish and Close PAGCOR. The call for the abolition of the government’s legitimate gambling institutions came as their funds were allegedly being used for political rather than charitable purpose. The recommendation to shut down Pagcor could be a â€Å"major reaction† because of reports of fund misuse, Deputy Presidential Spokesperson Abigail Valte said.To note with the issue, let us not forget that the ultimate goal of the mandate of PAGCOR, is to provide assistance to those in need. It is better to put in place systemic reforms first and see whether these systemic reforms will work before we talk about what really should be done to the agencies. In another way, it is indeed a fact that the institution is generating bulky income which serves as a great help in giving financial support for the economic development of our country. D. Formulated Solutions from thorough study As per cited abovementioned problems in the thesis of Cecilio Villanueva, below are the suggested solutions as respective counterpart: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Issue clear guidelines on licensing, grants of authority; Establish linkages with the SEC, DTI and other regulatory agencies; Establi sh clear operational guidelines with the L GUs in view of RA 9487 Seek clear guidance from NTC, DTI and other government agencies; Review zonal locations of the casinos or centers being applied for; Deputize PAGCOR to curb illegal gambling; Launch PR campaign / Security Measures ; Beef up security / Investments in CCTV cameras; Find partners under the 60/40 arrangements Corporate Social Responsibilities; Foster good relations with the Church; Establish Resident Ombudsman and COA to issue or make public records for transparency; Seminars on values, productivity; Strengthen the Disciplinary Board; Screening, testing of pplicants; Merit system; Human Resource Development; Loyalty awards; Focus more on hotel industry/ tourism; Vigorous marketing efforts to attract players; 13 Glenne B. Lagura http://dnsc. academia. edu/ennelgArugal ? ? ? In-depth study on privatization; Contract-out the services of the non-organic personnel; and Vigorous marketing efforts. V. Conclusion Despite the surg e of PAGCor income that has succeeded immensely in supporting the cash-strapped government, several lawmakers, nongovernment organizations and especially the religious sector are still firmly against government engaging in the business of operating casinos. Many Filipinos have long suspected that gambling money finances political campaigns in this country. But this has never been established as fact.The politicians who benefit from gambling funds will certainly lack the political will to spearhead an investigation. Reflecting the sentiments of the political leadership, law enforcers will also have no interest in verifying those perceptions. There are cops who even openly admit that gambling money finances police operations in certain areas of the country. Complicating the problem is the unsure state policy on gambling, which deprives the government of the moral high ground to crack down on illegal numbers games popular among the poor such as jueteng. Despite new laws imposing stiffe r punishment for illegal gambling, jueteng continues to thrive and enrich gambling lords.The government could go after these gambling barons and plug one of the largest sources of corruption by applying new laws against money laundering or even old laws on tax evasion. Lawmakers could pass legislation that will compel transparency in campaign contributions. It may be impossible to stop Filipinos from gambling, but it is not impossible to discourage the corruption that is endangered by illegal gambling Unfortunately for the nation, political will has always been lacking in both the executive and legislative branches when it comes to stopping the flow of money, especially big money, regardless of the source. The status quo has worked for the typical Filipino politician, whose attitude is, if it ain’t broke, why fix it?On the other hand, the idea of Senator Ralph Recto that the PAGCOR pork should go to national budget is agreeable it applies the mere saying â€Å"Prevention is better than Cure†. This is to prevent also the abuse of misusing the money which can be avoided if the discretionary funds were written into the General Appropriations Act (GAA) or the national budget. 14 References: Newspaper/ Published Journals: Burning House Infested with Rats is not Right Solution to Problem. Philippine Daily Inquirer ( January 16, 2012). Retrieved March 1, 2012 from http://opinion. inquirer. net/21183/burning-house-infested-withrats-is-not-right-solution-to-problem Cabacungan, G. (2012, February 28).Lawmakers rally round PAGcor, move to ban Wynn. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved March 03, 2012 from http://globalnation. inquirer. net/26911/lawmakers-rally-round-pagcormove-to-ban-wynn Calica, A. (2011, July 09). Palace No need to abolish PCSO, PAGCOR, The Philippine Star. Retrieved March 15, 2012 from http://www. philstar. com Cueto, F (2007, February 25). Gambling is Life. Retrieved March 13, 2012 from http://www. skyscrapercity. com/showthread. php? t =647381 Del Rosario, A. (2011, December 10). Is PAGCor a betting illegal Gambling?. Manila Standard Today Newspaper. Retrieved February 16, 2012 from http://www. manilastandardtoday. com/insideOpinion. htm? =2011/dece mber/10/andydelrosario. isx=2011/december/10 Diaz, J (2011, July 27. Lawmakers seek probe of PAGCor Anomalies. The Philippine Star. Retrieved March 20, 2012 from http://www. philstar. com Lagarde, R. The Scourge of Legalized Gambling. Retrieved March 12, 2012 from http://www. impactmagazine. net/v39v09/coverstory. htm PCSO, PAGCOR Pork should go to National Budget: Recto. abscbnNEWS. com(2011). Retrieved March 10, 2012 from http://www. abscbnnews. com/nation/07/13/11/pcso-pagcor-pork-should-go-natlbudget-recto Privatized PAGcor to bring in more revenues for gov’t. abscbnNEWS. com(2011). Retrieved March 10, 2012 from http://www. abscbnnews. om/ nation/08/16/10/privatized-pagcor-bring-morerevenues-govt Porcalla, D. (2012, March 05). Palace Separating Roles needs f urther Study. The Philippine Star. Retrieved March 5, 2012 from http://www. philstar. com PDF Files: 15 A Profile of Selected GOCCs. pdf PAGCOR Annual Report 2010. pdf Presidential Decree No. 1602. pdf Thesis: Villanueva, C (2008). The Philippine Amusement and Gaming corporation (PAGCOR) as Government Regulatorand Operator of Legalized Gambling: It’s Implications for national Security. Retrieved March 15, 2012 from http://www. ndcp. edu. ph/library/thesislist. php? start=1661 http://dnsc. academia. edu/ennelgArugal Glenne B. Lagura 16

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